Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Levels are Low in Persons with Clinically Active Coccidioidomycosis

Ampel, Neil M.; Dionne, Sara O.; Giblin, Andrea; Podany, Abigail B.; Galgiani, John N.

doi:10.1007/s11046-008-9172-6

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…PTX3 is a critical regulator of antifungal host immunity in pneumocystis and aspergillosis infections [ 95 , 96 , 97 ] and may be a diagnostic tool for IPA in BAL fluid [ 98 ]. MBL, which activates complement systems, has been implicated in patients with IA, coccidioidomycosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia [ 99 , 100 , 101 ]. Although many sPRRs have been implicated in human disease, limited studies have investigated the role of these in secreted receptors in human airway models.…”

Section: The Human Airway Epithelium Is a Key Player In The Host-fung...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity

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Ward

Reedy

et al. 2022

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The lung epithelial lining serves as the primary barrier to inhaled environmental toxins, allergens, and invading pathogens. Pulmonary fungal infections are devastating and carry high mortality rates, particularly in those with compromised immune systems. While opportunistic fungi infect primarily immunocompromised individuals, endemic fungi cause disease in immune competent and compromised individuals. Unfortunately, in the case of inhaled fungal pathogens, the airway epithelial host response is vastly understudied. Furthering our lack of understanding, very few studies utilize primary human models displaying pseudostratified layers of various epithelial cell types at air-liquid interface. In this review, we focus on the diversity of the human airway epithelium and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of oncological cell lines, immortalized epithelial cells, and primary epithelial cell models. Additionally, the responses by human respiratory epithelial cells to invading fungal pathogens will be explored. Future investigations leveraging current human in vitro model systems will enable identification of the critical pathways that will inform the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics for pulmonary fungal infections.

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Section: The Human Airway Epithelium Is a Key Player In The Host-fung...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity

Crossen

Ward

Reedy

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Increases in interferon gamma (IFN-␥), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), and interleukin 17 (IL-17) in mononuclear cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis have been identified (4). A significant association between lower levels of mannose-binding lectin in serum of patients with active coccidioidomycosis compared to uninfected healthy subjects was described (5). Comparing BALB/c and DBA/2 mouse models of coccidioidomycosis, a greater susceptibility to pulmonary Coccidioides infection in BALB/c mice due to the development of anergy on day 15 postinfection has been reported (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differences in Host Innate Responses among Coccidioides Isolates in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

et al. 2015

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e Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are soil-dwelling fungi and the causative agents of coccidioidomycosis, a mycosis endemic to certain semiarid regions in the Americas. The most common route of infection is by inhalation of airborne Coccidioides arthroconidia. Once a susceptible host inhales the conidia, a transition to mature endosporulated spherules can occur within the first 5 days of infection. For this study, we examined the host response in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis during a time period of infection that has not been well characterized. We collected lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from BALB/c mice that were infected with a C. immitis pure strain, a C. immitis hybrid strain, or a C. posadasii strain as well as uninfected mice. We compared the host responses to the Coccidioides strains used in this study by assessing the level of transcription of selected cytokine genes in lung tissues and characterized host and fungal proteins present in BALF. Host response varied depending on the Coccidioides strain that was used and did not appear to be overly robust. This study provides a foundation to begin to dissect the host immune response early in infection, to detect abundant Coccidioides proteins, and to develop diagnostics that target these early time points of infection.

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“…Other results suggest that there is an association between low serum MBL levels and symptomatic coccidioidomycosis, but in order to understand the role of MBL in the pathogenesis of this fungal disease, further studies are necessary ( 297 ). SP-A and SP-D also bind coccidioidal antigens ( 53 ).…”

Section: Endemic Dimorphic Mycosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors

et al. 2018

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Fungi, usually present as commensals, are a major cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Such infections, if not diagnosed or treated properly, can prove fatal. However, in most cases healthy individuals are able to avert the fungal attacks by mounting proper antifungal immune responses. Among the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are the major players in antifungal immunity. CLRs can recognize carbohydrate ligands, such as β-glucans and mannans, which are mainly found on fungal cell surfaces. They induce proinflammatory immune reactions, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, cytokine, and chemokine production from innate effector cells, as well as activation of adaptive immunity via Th17 responses. CLRs such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Mincle, mannose receptor (MR), and DC-SIGN can recognize many disease-causing fungi and also collaborate with each other as well as other PRRs in mounting a fungi-specific immune response. Mutations in these receptors affect the host response and have been linked to a higher risk in contracting fungal infections. This review focuses on how CLRs on various immune cells orchestrate the antifungal response and on the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in these receptors toward the risk of developing such infections.

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Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Levels are Low in Persons with Clinically Active Coccidioidomycosis

Abstract: These data suggest that there is an association between low serum MBL levels and symptomatic coccidioidomycosis.

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity

Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity

Differences in Host Innate Responses among Coccidioides Isolates in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis

The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors

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