Männlichkeit im Spannungsfeld

Abstract

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen ambivalenter Männlichkeitskonstruktionen auf die Lebensrealitäten und Handlungsstrategien von afghanischen Geflüchteten in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Wir zeigen, wie Argwohn, Ausgrenzungserfahrungen und rechtliche Prekarität in der Aufnahmegesellschaft in Kombination mit Verantwortungsgefühlen gegenüber Familienmitgliedern ein vergeschlechtlichtes Spannungsfeld für männliche Geflüchtete erzeugen. Dieses ergibt sich aus widersprüchlichen Handlungsimperativen der europäischen Migrationspolitik, prekärem rechtlichem Status und unerfüllten Erwartungen der Familie gegenüber und setzt männliche Geflüchtete einem geschlechtsspezifischen Risiko doppelter Marginalisierung aus.

Working for Protection? Precarious Legal Inclusion of Afghan Nationals in Germany and Switzerland

“…Legal precarity yields disciplinary effects, in that refugees feel urged to achieve economic success to fulfil their host country's requirements and prove their deservingness. Given their temporary legal status, however, people face significant difficulties in accessing the labour market, which makes it hard-sometimes impossible-for them to become economically successful (Wyss and Fischer 2021). At the same time, our interviews with Afghan refugees reveal that individuals with a precarious legal status feel forced to navigate (Vigh 2010) the pressure to "integrate", while they experience "integration" largely as an individual effort (cf.…”

“…Like many other refugees, Esmat (28 years old) arrived in Europe in 2015. Being young, healthy and male, he was denied refugee protection, similarly to many other male Afghan nationals (S€ okefeld 2019; Wyss and Fischer 2021). Esmat appealed the decision.…”

Feeling difference: Race, migration, and the affective infrastructure of a Danish detention camp

“…Sarah Ahmed (2014: 211) has argued that there is ‘nothing more dangerous to a body than the social agreement that that body is dangerous’ (emphasis in original); indeed, the ‘expertise’ claimed by officers such as Erland entailed a heightened risk of punishment for bodies read as dangerous; others risked having their pain discarded as ‘theatrical’ and ‘fake’, and their medical needs neglected. In general, detained men were denied vulnerability (see also Bhatia, 2020; Wyss and Fischer, 2021). Officers’ neglect of detained persons’ emotions demonstrates the racialised emotional stratification (Bonilla-Silva, 2019) at play in the camp, where prison officers’ suspicion and gut feelings about the people detained were considered sources of knowledge and reason (see also Aliverti, 2020).…”

Navigating the European Migration Regime

“…While research on precarious migration is often based on interviews where the majority of research participants are male (see, for instance, Collyer, 2007;Schapendonk, 2011;Bhatia, 2015), many studies nevertheless rarely consider gender as a structuring category of the migration process. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in contributions to constructions of migrant masculinities and male migrants' experiences (see, for instance, Ahmad, 2011;Charsley and Wray, 2015;Griffiths, 2015;Allsopp, 2017;Ingvars and Gíslason, 2018;Scheibelhofer, 2018;Turner, 2019;Wyss and Fischer, 2021). Much of this literature draws on Connell's (2005) book Masculinities and particularly her notion of 'marginalised masculinities', which refers to men who are disadvantaged, for instance, because of their class, their sexuality or race, and which thus takes an intersectional approach to study the lived experiences of men.…”

“…The representation of male migrants and refugees is ambivalent and revolves around a broad spectrum of racialisation, emasculation and criminalisation (Khosravi, 2009;Wyss and Fischer, 2021). In relation to male asylum claimants, for instance, Griffiths (2015) states a certain contradiction: on the one hand, they are demonised to a certain extent, which leads to a securitisation of migration policy, and on the other hand, men experience emasculation, as they are basically made dependent on authorities and support structures.…”