Manipulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk by Feeding Protected Canola Seeds

Ashes, J.R.; Welch, Peta; Gulati, S.K.; Scott, T. W.; Brown, George H.; Blakeley, S. J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77853-9

Cited by 94 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ground formaldehyde-treated flaxseed fed at 2.4 or 4.7% of the dietary dry matter had no effect on milk concentrations of fat compared with a control diet with no flaxseed (Goodridge et al 2001). Generally, oils effectively protected against ruminal biohydrogenation increase milk fat yield (Ashes et al 1992) and feeding free flaxseed oil decreases milk fat concentration due to the lesser dry matter intake and the lesser digestibility of fibre (Martin et al 2008). Moreover, higher concentrations of some trans fatty acids such as trans-10 18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in ruminal fluid of cows fed free oils are positively related to milk fat depression (Griinari and Bauman 1999).…”

Section: Milk Composition and Yield Of Milk Components Fatmentioning

confidence: 91%

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Petit¹

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 115Á127. Flaxseed contains approximately 55% of total fatty acids of the oil as a-linolenic acid and is rich in lignans, which are strong antioxidants. Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are known to have beneficial effects on human health such as a decrease in the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and arthritis. Flaxseed could then be an interesting natural feed to consider for changing milk composition. Cyanogenic glycosides (linustatin and neolinustatin) are present in flaxseed, but the concentration of hydrocyanic acid is very low in milk and ruminal fluid of cows fed flaxseed products. In general, feeding up to 15% of the total dry matter as whole flaxseed has a limited effect on dry matter intake. Heat treatments such as micronization and extrusion have no effect on dry matter intake and the effect of formaldehyde treatment on feed intake is unclear. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on milk production of dairy cows in the early stage of lactation have been neutral. Diet supplementation with whole flaxseed has had no effect on milk yield and composition of dairy cows in the mid or late stages of lactation. Physical processing of flaxseed increased milk production although heat treatment did not. Results on the effect of flaxseed processing on overall milk fat concentration have been controversial, but heat and formaldehyde treatments had no effect. Flaxseed supplementation had no effect on milk fat and protein concentrations, and processing of flaxseed had little effect. The extent of change in the concentration of fatty acids in milk is generally proportional to the level of inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. In conclusion, feeding flaxseed does not affect milk production or composition in the large majority of studies, but its long-term effects on health of cows and productivity still need to be determined.

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Section: Milk Composition and Yield Of Milk Components Fatmentioning

confidence: 91%

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Petit¹

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Feeding fat through seeds maintains or increases milk fat content (Dhiman et al, 2000). Oils effectively protected against ruminal biohydrogenation increase milk fat yield (Ashes et al, 1992) whereas supplemental fat decreases fat percentages in milk likely due to the highly unsaturated fat sources affecting rumen fermentation. Therefore, feeding whole flaxseed in the present experiment may contribute to a more gradual release of oil in the rumen, thus resulting in little effect on ruminal fermentation as shown for cows fed lipids in the form of oil, rolled or extruded linseeds MUFA 5 monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA 5 polyunsaturated fatty acids; SCFA 5 short-chain fatty acids; MCFA 5 medium-chain fatty acids; LCFA 5 long-chain fatty acids; n-3 5 cis3-18:3 1 cis3-20:5 1 cis3-22:5; n-6 5 cis6-18:2 1 trans6-18:2 1 cis6-20:4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Petit

Gagnon

2009

Animal

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A total of 32 lactating Holstein cows with mean body weight of 622 kg (s.e. 5 24) were allotted, at week 25 of lactation, to eight groups of four cows blocked for similar days in milk. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of feeding four dietary concentrations (0, 50, 100 or 150 g/kg of dry matter) of whole flaxseed, which contains the plant lignan precursor secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), on concentrations of two mammalian lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) in milk. The effects of the four diets on feed intake, milk production, milk composition and digestion were also studied. Cows within each block were assigned to one of the four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic total mixed diets and the experiment was carried out from week 25 to 29 of lactation. Diets were fed for ad libitum intake. Enterolactone was the mammalian lignan, of the two metabolites studied, detected in the milk of cows and its concentration in milk tended (P 5 0.08) to increase linearly with higher intake of SDG in the diet. Feed intake, milk yield and milk composition were similar among diets. Milk fatty acid profile was slightly improved by feeding flaxseed, as shown by higher concentrations of fatty acids (e.g. n-3) recognized as being beneficial for human health. Those results suggest that feeding of whole flaxseed may result in changes in milk fatty acid composition and enterolactone content, which offer benefits for consumers.

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“…A recent study which employed an LC omega-3 spread together with a range of products enriched with microencapsulated fish oils (milk shake, orange drink, pasta, bread, biscuits, cakes) was able to achieve a daily intake of 1.4 g EPA/DHA [72]. However considerable progress has been made in enriching the omega-3 PUFA content of animal products such as eggs [43] and milk [6,41] and of the carcass meat of both nonruminant [33] and ruminant animals [30,115], through diet modification. This offers a particularly attractive approach to increasing dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFA, since fatty acids provided through this route are thought to be more stable to the effects of processing than are fats and oils added to foods in manufacturing.…”

Section: Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fatty acids and human health

Williams¹

2000

Ann. Zootech.

528

374

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-A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated to support the view that the very long chain omega 3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) have beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties and that levels of their consumption are insufficient in most Western diets. More recently, attention has been given to the possibility that the precursor omega-3 PUFA, alpha linolenic acid (ALNA), may share some of the beneficial actions of EPA/DHA on human health. Further research into the metabolism and physiological actions of ALNA, and comparisons with EPA/DHA, is needed before conclusions regarding the optimal amounts and types of omega-3 PUFA for human health can be defined. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which arises as a metabolic by-product of rumen hydrogenation and which is found in foods of animal origin, has been proposed to possess potent health promoting properties, but much of this research has been conducted in experimental animals. There is an urgent need for complementary studies in human volunteers, to confirm the putative anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-lipogenic and immuno-suppressive properties of CLA.human health / fatty acids / omega-3 PUFA / conjugated linoleic acid Résumé -Acides gras alimentaires et santé humaine. Il a été amplement démontré que les acides gras à très longue chaîne en oméga 3, les acides eicoapentaenoïque (EPA) et decosahexaenoïque (DHA) ont des effets positifs relatifs à l'apparition des maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des propriété anti-inflammatoires. Leur consommation par l'Homme est insuffisante dans la plupart des pays occidentaux. Récemment il est apparu que l'acide alpha linolénique, précurseur des acides gras en oméga 3, pouvait partager avec l'EPA et le DHA certains effets positifs sur la santé humaine. Des recherches complémentaires sur le métabolisme et le rôle physiologique de l'acide alpha linolénique, ainsi que des comparaisons avec l'EPA et le DHA sont nécessaires avant de pouvoir définir les apports recommandés optimaux de chacun de ces acides gras. L'acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) qui provient du métabolisme ruminal des acides gras et qui est présent dans les aliments d'origine animale, a été décrit comme potentiellement favorable à la santé humaine, mais la plupart des expérimentations ont été conduites sur animaux de laboratoire. Il y a une urgence à réaliser des études complémentaires sur des volontaires humains, afin de confirmer les propriétés annoncées du CLA, à savoir des effets anti-carcinogène, anti-athérogène, anti-lipogénique et une modulation de l'immunité. santé humaine / acides gras / oméga-3 PUFA / acide linoléique conjugué

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Manipulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk by Feeding Protected Canola Seeds

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Review: Feed intake, milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed flaxseed

Concentration of the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol in milk of cows fed diets containing different concentrations of whole flaxseed

Dietary fatty acids and human health

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