Manipulation of ruminal fermentation and methane production by dietary saponins and tannins from mangosteen peel and soapberry fruit

Abstract

Four fistulated Holstein Friesian heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors were two roughage-to-concentrate ratios (R:C, 70:30 and 30:70) and two supplementation levels of soapberry fruit-mangosteen peel (SM) pellets (0 and 4% tannins-saponins of total diets). Rice straw was used as a roughage source. The diet was fed ad libitum as a total mixed ration. SM pellets contained crude tannins and saponins at 12.1 and 15.7% of DM, respectively. It was found that at R:C 30:70 the DM intake and the digestibility of DM, CP and NDF were increased (p < 0.05), while SM pellet supplementation reduced the DM digestibility (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was decreased at R:C 30:70. Total VFA and propionate was increased at high concentrate level and after SM pellet supplementation (p < 0.05); simultaneously, the acetate concentration and the acetate-to-propionate ratios were decreased (p < 0.05). Methane production was decreased at R:C 30:70 and additionally when SM pellets were supplemented (p < 0.05). This was in agreement with the percentage of methanogens in total ruminal DNA. Furthermore, the number of fungal zoospores were reduced at a higher concentrate proportion (R:C 30:70) and by SM-pellet supplementation (p < 0.05). Protozoal populations were diminished when SM pellets were supplemented (p < 0.05). In this study, it was shown that the roughage-to-concentrate ratio, as well as the supplementation of SM pellets containing condensed tannins and saponins, caused changes in ruminal microorganisms and their fermentation end-products.

In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production as affected by rambutan peel powder

“…There are reports indicating a decrease in methane production with the supplementation of plant containing condensed tannins and saponins (Poungchompu et al 2009;Wanapat et al 2014;Anantasook et al 2016;Gunun et al 2016). Supplementation of RPP at 16 mg reduced methane production in the present study.…”

“…A decrease in methane production by tannins and saponins in Samanea saman could be mediated through a direct effect on protozoa and methanogens (Anantasook et al 2015). Poungchompu et al (2009) reported that supplementation of mangosteen peel and soapberry fruit pellet containing tannins and saponins at 4% of DM intake resulted in a significant decrease in methane production and protozoa population, but without affecting the methanogens in dairy heifers. In the current study, the methane-inhibiting effects of condensed tannins and saponins in RPP were presumably a direct action against rumen microbes involved in methane formation including methanogens and protozoa.…”

“…The content of condensed tannins in RPP was analysed by using the modified vanillin-HCl method based on Burns (1971). Crude saponin was measured using methanol extraction following the method of Kwon et al (2003) and modified by Poungchompu et al (2009). The ingredients and chemical compositions of concentrate, rice straw and RPP used in this experiment are given in Table 1.…”

Effects of plants containing secondary compounds and plant oils on rumen fermentation and ecology

“…Mangosteen peel, guava leaf, and siam neem leaf contained condensed tannins, which ranged from 11.4% to 16.8% (Ngamsaeng et al 2006). However, soap berry tree fruit and mangosteen peel have been shown to contain high concentrations of crude saponins (20.1% and 10.0%, respectively) (Ngamsaeng et al 2006;Poungchompu et al 2009;Pilajun and Wanapat 2011). Condensed tannins are found in a multitude of plants around the globe.…”

Improving Cassava Quality for Poultry Feeding Through Application of Biotechnology

“…[72][73][74]. Furthermore, a recent research showed that protein in cassava chips can be enriched by yeast fermentation up to 47.5% crude protein, which can be used as a replacement for soybean meal [75].…”