Manipulation of muscle mass

Natural and xenobiotic compounds having sex-related actions have long been used for growth promotion and various changes in carcass quality in meat animals. The first compounds used were synthetic estrogens; however, later on a whole battery of compounds having androgenic, and progestogenic actions have also been involved. In surveying the effects of these compounds in meat-producing animals, it became clear that these drugs increase the growth rate of the treated animals and bring about changes in the carcass that are generally characterized by lower fat content and more lean mass. Extensive studies undertaken in various countries, including the European Economic Community (EEC), have shown that if used according to good husbandry practices, the meat from treated animals does not have excessive amounts of residues compared with the endogenous amount of steroid production in the animals in question and also in human beings. The banning of these compounds in the European community brought a new phenomenon of illegal or black market cocktails. These mixtures of anabolic steroids are injected into the body of the animals rather than implanted in the ears, which is the normal practice in countries where they have not yet been banned. Several screening and confirmatory methods are now available for monitoring programs. However, these programs need excessive resources in terms of manpower, funds, and proper legislation, which in underdeveloped countries is questionable, particularly in the absence of strong scientific evidence for the exercise.

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Long-term effects of cimaterol in Friesian steers: II. Carcass composition and meat quality

Allen³

et al. 1993

Journal of Animal Science

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The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of long-term administration of cimaterol to steers from 4 wk of age until slaughter at target live weights of 275, 375, and 475 kg on 1) carcass composition; 2) distribution and growth of the dissectible lean, fat, and bone; and 3) selected meat quality traits. Ninety calves were allocated to either control or cimaterol (4 ppm) treatment with 15 from each treatment scheduled for slaughter at the above target live weights. Of the 90 calves, 73 carcasses were dissected. Cimaterol increased the proportion of lean in the carcass of the three target slaughter groups from 653, 629, and 612 g/kg in control steers to 728, 728, and 723 g/kg in treated steers, respectively, and decreased the proportion of fat from 134, 169, and 197 g/kg in control steers to 88, 86, and 99 g/kg in treated steers, respectively. Cimaterol increased the longissimus muscle area from 46.4, 56.7, and 62.4 cm2 in control steers to 61.0, 73.4, and 90.8 cm2 in treated steers in the three target slaughter groups, respectively. The allometric growth coefficients for total lean, bone, and fat were .987, .869, and 1.406, respectively, for treated animals and .898, .771, and 1.654, respectively, for control animals. Cimaterol increased the 2-d drip loss and the fiber-optic probe value of longissimus muscle. Shear force values were 55, 145, and 118% higher in the treated animals in the three target slaughter groups, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Manipulation of muscle mass

Cited by 3 publications

References 90 publications

Bioengineering and biotechnological strategies for reduced waste aquaculture

Bioengineering and biotechnological strategies for reduced waste aquaculture

Natural sex steroids and their xenobiotic analogs in animal production: Growth, carcass quality, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, mode of action, residues, methods, and epidemiology

Long-term effects of cimaterol in Friesian steers: II. Carcass composition and meat quality

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