Manipulation of Ion Conversion in Dichloromethane-Enhanced Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectrometry of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract

The ion conversion processes in CH 2 Cl 2 -enhanced vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) have been systematically studied by regulating the pressure, humidity, and reaction time in the ionization source of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As the ionization source pressure increased from 100 to 1100 Pa, the main characteristic ions changed from CH 2 Cl + to CH 2 Cl + (H 2 O), CH 2 OH + , and C 2 H 4 OH + and then to the hydrated hydronium ions H 3 O + (H 2 O) n (n = 1, 2, 3). The total ion current (TIC) almost remained unchanged even if the humidity increased from 44 to 3120 ppmv, indicating interconversion between ions through ionmolecule reactions. The intensity of protonated methanol/ethanol (sample S) ion was almost linearly correlated with the intensity of H 3 O + (H 2 O) n , which pointed to the proton transfer reaction (PTR) mechanism. The reaction time was regulated by the electric field strength in the ionization region. The intensity variation trends of different ions with the reaction time indicated that a series of stepby-step ion-molecule reactions occurred in the ionization source, i.e., the primary ion CH 2 Cl + reacted with H 2 O and converted to the intermediate product ions CH 2 OH + and C 2 H 4 OH + , which then further reacted with H 2 O and led to the production of H 3 O + , and finally, the protonated sample ion SH + was obtained through PTR with H 3 O + , as the ion-molecule reactions progressed. This study provides valuable insights into understanding the formation mechanism of some unexpected intermediate product ions and hydrated hydronium ions in dopant-enhanced VUV photoionization and also helps to optimize experimental conditions to enhance the sensitivity of OVOCs.

Pressure-Driven Switching of Photoelectron Impact Ionization-Chemical Ionization/Penning Ionization in Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectrometry

“…The home-built time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) used in this study has been described in our previous works. − Figure displays the schematic diagram of the ion source, comprising a direct current (DC) VUV Kr lamp (PKS106, Heraeus Noblelight GmbH, Hanau, Germany) and an ionization chamber including three stainless steel electrodes. The photon energies of the Kr lamp were 10.0 eV (80%) and 10.6 eV (20%).…”