Manipulation of fruit sugar composition but not content in <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> fruit by introgression of an acid invertase gene from <i>Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium</i>

Husain, Sarah E.; James, Caron; Shields, R.; Foyer, Christine H.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00070.x

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A similar mechanism may operate in S. pimpinellifolium in the apoplast to aid sink strength, but there must be other factors contributing to high TSS in this species. About 90% of the invertase activity in this species is vacuolar, not apoplastic, and vacuolar activity correlated with the linear accumulation of hexose during ripening [52,53]. The situation is even less clear for S. cheesmanii.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In contrast to the sucrose-accumulating species, S. cheesmanii [45], S. pennellii [47,50] and S. pimpinellifolium [52] store large amounts of glucose and fructose that may be conditioned by higher invertase activity compared with the cutivars. Solanum pennellii has been extensively studied.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High apoplastic invertase activity was found in the columella which increased during ripening. This activity would magnify the sucrose gradient between the phloem and fruit parenchymal cells by the rapid inversion of sucrose to hexose [52,53]. A similar mechanism may operate in S. pimpinellifolium in the apoplast to aid sink strength, but there must be other factors contributing to high TSS in this species.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some accessions of S. pimpinellifolium have invertase activity similar to cultivars [52].…”

Section: Dm Beckles Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical factors contributing to tomato fruit sugar content: a review

Beckles¹,

Hong²,

Stamova³

et al. 2011

Fruits

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-Introduction. Consumers and processors value tomatoes with high fruit sugar content; however, most breeding and cultural practices negatively impact this trait. Wild tomato species can accumulate two-to three-fold more fruit sugar than cultivars and are proving to be valuable both as a source of high-sugar loci to broaden the genetic base of currently produced cultivars, and as research material to understand this trait. Synthesis. While cutting-edge genomic approaches have taught us much about fruit phenotypes, it is still important to assess fruit enzyme activities and metabolic fluxes in lines with contrasting fruit sugar accumulation. These metabolic functions are closest to the ripe fruit sugar trait. In this review, we focus our attention on the biochemical pathways, especially starch biosynthesis, that may influence tomato fruit sugars. We try where possible to put this information into a physiological context because together they influence yield. We compare and contrast sugar metabolism in cultivars and wild tomato species and identify factors that may influence differences in their fruit size. Conclusion. Although difficult, we show that it is possible to develop fruit with high horticultural yield and use the breeding line 'Solara' as an example. In addition, we suggest avenues of further investigation to understand the regulation and control of fruit carbohydrate content. USA / Solanum lycopersicum / fruits / sugars / carbohydrate metabolism / carbohydrate contentFacteurs biochimiques contribuant à la teneur en sucre des fruits de tomate : une revue.Résumé -Introduction. Les consommateurs et les industriels apprécient les tomates avec un fort taux en sucres, mais la plupart des pratiques culturales et d'amélioration ont un impact négatif sur ce caractère. Les espèces de tomate sauvage peuvent accumuler 2 ou 3 fois plus de sucres dans le fruit que des cultivars et elles s'avèrent précieuses à la fois comme une source de loci à haute teneur en sucres pour élargir la base génétique des cultivars actuellement produits, et comme matériel de recherche pour comprendre ce caractère. Synthèse. Alors que les approches génomiques de pointe nous ont appris beaucoup sur le phénotype des fruits, il reste important d'évaluer l'activité des enzymes de fruits et les flux métaboliques dans des lignées présentant des situations contrastées d'accumulation de sucres dans les fruits. Ces fonctions métaboliques sont les plus proches du caractère de teneur en sucres dans le fruit mûr. Dans cette synthèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les voies biochimiques, en particulier sur la biosynthèse de l'amidon qui peut influencer les sucres dans le fruit des tomates. Nous essayons autant que possible de mettre cette information dans un contexte physiologique car, ensemble, ils influencent le rendement. Nous comparons et mettons en contraste le métabolisme des sucres dans les cultivars et les espèces sauvages de tomate et nous identifions les facteurs qui peuvent influencer des différences de taille des fruits. Conclusio...

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Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbohydrate Pathways In Wild Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some accessions of S. pimpinellifolium have invertase activity similar to cultivars [52].…”

Section: Dm Beckles Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biochemical factors contributing to tomato fruit sugar content: a review

Beckles¹,

Hong²,

Stamova³

et al. 2011

Fruits

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show abstract

“…Vacuolar INV is involved in mobilization of vacuolar sucrose in sucrose-storing organs (15,16). It is required for normal root elongation in Arabidopsis, probably through its impact on vacuolar osmotic potential and, thus, on water uptake (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal growth of Arabidopsis requires cytosolic invertase but not sucrose synthase

Barratt

Derbyshire

Findlay

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

365

425

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The entry of carbon from sucrose into cellular metabolism in plants can potentially be catalyzed by either sucrose synthase (SUS) or invertase (INV). These 2 routes have different implications for cellular metabolism in general and for the production of key metabolites, including the cell-wall precursor UDPglucose. To examine the importance of these 2 routes of sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), we generated mutant plants that lack 4 of the 6 isoforms of SUS. These mutants (sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 mutants) lack SUS activity in all cell types except the phloem. Surprisingly, the mutant plants are normal with respect to starch and sugar content, seed weight and lipid content, cellulose content, and cell-wall structure. Plants lacking the remaining 2 isoforms of SUS (sus5/sus6 mutants), which are expressed specifically in the phloem, have reduced amounts of callose in the sieve plates of the sieve elements. To discover whether sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis requires INVs rather than SUSs, we further generated plants deficient in 2 closely related isoforms of neutral INV predicted to be the main cytosolic forms in the root (cinv1/cinv2 mutants). The mutant plants have severely reduced growth rates. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of carbon supply to the nonphotosynthetic cells of plants. Most plant cells receive essentially all of their carbon as sucrose. Sucrose catabolism in plants is one of the largest metabolic fluxes on the planet, second only to fluxes in primary carbon assimilation. Only 2 enzymes can catalyze sucrose catabolism under physiological conditions: sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV); thus, most plant biomass is derived via 1 of these 2 routes. However, despite their central role in carbon partitioning and biomass accumulation, the precise roles and relative importance of these enzymes remain largely unknown.SUS and INV both occur as multiple, distinct isoforms. INV catalyzes the effectively irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose. Isoforms in the cell wall and vacuole (acid INV) differ in structure from those predicted to be in the cytosol, mitochondria and plastids (neutral/alkaline INV). SUS catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose to fructose and UDPglucose; SUS isoforms are believed to be cytosolic.Several lines of evidence indicate a predominant role for SUS in the entry of carbon into metabolism in nonphotosynthetic cells. Individual isoforms are needed for normal development in some plant organs, including potato tuber, pea and maize seed, tomato fruit, and cotton fibers (1-5). SUS is held to be important in determining sink strength, and in phloem loading (1, 6, 7). It is also proposed to have specific roles in cellulose synthesis, and in starch synthesis in leaves. In the widely cited model for cellulose synthesis, the substrate UDPglucose is channeled to the cellulose synthase complex in the plasma membrane via a SUS associated with the inner face of the complex (8, 9). Consistent with this idea, some SUS a...

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Carbohydrate Metabolism

Fernie

Willmitzer

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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The yield from crop plants has been subject to improvement through conventional breeding and modifications in agricultural practice for many decades. More recently, the use of molecular genetic approaches has allowed more directed approaches towards crop improvement. Specific examples of both successful strategies and of fundamental knowledge gleaned from unsuccessful strategies are presented including manipulations of starch, sucrose and novel sugar content. The utility of metabolic control analysis in the identification of control points in metabolic pathway and its use in the prediction of changes in metabolite accumulation following enzyme modulation is discussed. Further examples of biotechnological manipulation focus on qualitative rather than quantitative aspects of carbohydrate metabolism detailing the introduction of novel pathways for synthesis, or functionalities, of polymers. Particular focus is given to fructan biosynthesis in non‐fructan accumulating species and the broad structural diversity of starch following genetic manipulation of the enzymes involved in its synthesis and degradation. Finally, the chapter concludes with an appraisal of the challenges that remain before the rational manipulation of carbohydrate becomes routine.

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Manipulation of fruit sugar composition but not content in Lycopersicon esculentum fruit by introgression of an acid invertase gene from Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Biochemical factors contributing to tomato fruit sugar content: a review

Biochemical factors contributing to tomato fruit sugar content: a review

Normal growth of Arabidopsis requires cytosolic invertase but not sucrose synthase

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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