Manipulation in Culture Conditions of Nanofrustulum shiloi for Enhanced Fucoxanthin Production and Isolation by Preparative Chromatography

Abstract

Microalgae produce a variety of high-value chemicals including carotenoids. Fucoxanthin is also a carotenoid that has many physiological functions and biological properties. For this reason, the cost-effective production of fucoxanthin at an industrial scale has gained significant attention. In the proposed study, fucoxanthin production was aimed to be increased by altering the culture conditions of N. shiloi. The effect of light intensity aeration rate, different nitrogen sources, and oxidative stress on the biomass and fucoxanthin productivity have been discussed. Based on these results, the fucoxanthin increased to 97.45 ± 2.64 mg/g by adjusting the light intensity to 50 µmol/m2s, and aeration rate at 5 L/min using oxidative stress through the addition of 0.1 mM H2O2 and 0.1 mM NaOCl to the culture medium. Fucoxanthin was then purified with preparative HPLC using C30 carotenoid column (10 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). After the purification procedure, Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and UV-vis spectroscopy were employed for the confirmation of fucoxanthin. This study presented a protocol for obtaining and purifying considerable amounts of biomass and fucoxanthin from diatom by manipulating culture conditions. With the developed methodology, N. shiloi could be evaluated as a promising source of fucoxanthin at the industrial scale for food, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Study of the Antimicrobial Potential of the Arthrospira platensis, Planktothrix agardhii, Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi, Roholtiella mixta nov., Tetraselmis viridis, and Nanofrustulum shiloi against Gram-Positive, Gram-Negative Bacteria, and Mycobacteria

“…Phycobiliproteins (phycoerythrin and phycocyanin) and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and -linolenic acid) were also found in the composition of cyanobacteria and microalgae. Our findings about the biochemical makeup of cyanobacteria and microalgae are consistent with the findings of other researchers, who point out that these organisms are a rich source of nutrients and biologically active chemicals [ 4 , 22 ].…”

“…A valuable source of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, is cyanobacteria and microalgae. The type of illumination of cultures in bioreactors, where red light stimulates the synthesis of polyphenols and green light—flavanoids—the rate of aeration, and the composition of nutrient media can all affect the process of photosynthesis of bioactive substances in cyanobacteria and microalgae [ 4 , 22 ].…”

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Carotenoids in Preventing and Managing Metabolic Disorders

“…This same technique has been utilized to analyze the presence of ketocarotenoids, such as astaxanthin, and 3-hydroxyechinenone in an acetone extract from Balaustium muroum , a free-living mite with a red body [ 85 ]. In contrast, fucoxanthin extracted from genetically modified cultures of Nanofrustulum shiloi was purified using preparative HPLC-DAD and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 86 ]. Table 1 provides an overview of carotenoids extracted from different sources and the techniques used for their separation and characterization.…”