Manipulation and Steering of Hyperbolic Surface Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Dai, Siyuan; Tymchenko, Mykhailo; Yang, Yu‐Shih; Ma, Qiong; Pita-Vidal, Marta; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Jarillo‐Herrero, Pablo; Fogler, M. M.; Alù, Andrea; Basov, D. N.

doi:10.1002/adma.201706358

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…h‐BN has a uniaxial permittivity and exhibits a hyperbolic isofrequency curve in two infrared Reststrahlen bands (regions between transversal and longitudinal optical phonon frequencies, ω TO and ω LO , respectively), where ε ⊥ > 0 and ε ∥ < 0 (lower band) and ε ⊥ < 0, ε ∥ > 0 (upper band), respectively. In the upper band, two types of HPs have been found: volume‐confined HPs in extended slabs, and in resonator structures, as well as surface‐confined HPs at the edges of slabs, linear antennas and cylindrical waveguides . However, a detailed study of HP modes in long ribbons with rectangular cross section, representing canonical linear waveguide structures, has not been reported yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…All modes have a complex‐valued wavevector k = q + iγ, where q is the momentum of the mode in the propagation direction and γ is the damping. For a comprehensive understanding of the waveguide modes, we also plot the fundamental volume and surface modes that exist in an extended h‐BN slab of the same thickness: M 0 (dashed blue line) and SM 0 (dashed gray line), the latter one propagating along the edge of the semi‐infinite h‐BN slab (see Section S2 of the Supporting Information for details of electric and magnetic field components of volume and surface modes).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…By recording the tip‐scattered p‐polarized far field with a distant detector as a function of tip position, we obtain nanoscale resolved infrared near‐field images. Oscillations in the near‐field images reveal the polaritons, whose wavelengths are twice the oscillation periods …”

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confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Dolado

Alfaro-Mozaz

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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Van der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and propagate as nanoscale‐confined volume modes in thin flakes. On the other hand, surface‐confined modes can be found at the flake edges. Surprisingly, the guiding of these modes in ribbons—representing typical linear waveguide structures—is widely unexplored. Here, a detailed study of hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagating in hexagonal boron nitride ribbons is reported. Employing infrared nanoimaging, a variety of modes are observed. Particularly, the fundamental volume waveguide mode that exhibits a cutoff width is identified, which, interestingly, can be lowered by reducing the waveguide thickness. Further, hybridization of the surface modes and their evolution with varying frequency and waveguide width are observed. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the symmetrically hybridized surface mode does not exhibit a cutoff width, and thus enables linear waveguiding of the polaritons in arbitrarily narrow ribbons. The experimental data, supported by simulations, establish a solid basis for the understanding of hyperbolic polaritons in linear waveguides, which is of critical importance for their application in future photonic devices.

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confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Dolado

Alfaro-Mozaz

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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“…f) The s‐SNOM line traces taken from panel (e) reveal the wavelength difference in hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HP, blue) and hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons (HSP). e,f) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH.…”

Section: Phonon Polaritons In Low‐dimensional Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonon Polaritons and Hyperbolic Response in van der Waals Materials

Shen

Qiu

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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107

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Phonon polaritons provide useful opportunities, complementary to those provided by plasmon polaritons, in the study of the interaction of light with matter at small scales. The focus of this review is on phonon polaritons in low‐dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials and heterostructures. Phonon polaritons confined in vdW materials exhibit large electromagnetic localization and are easy to hybridize with other collective modes. The extreme optical anisotropy in vdW systems produces the natural hyperbolic dispersion, enabling the access to deep subdiffractional optics and often yielding improved figures of merit over hyperbolic metamaterials. These virtues hold promises for practical nanophotonic applications, including optical sensing, super‐resolution imaging, energy and emission engineering, quantum optics, and a next generation of optical circuit elements.

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“…HP 2 waves have been observed in hBN‐based systems by s‐SNOM and photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) . They are typically launched or emitted by edges and features of the hBN crystal or by metallic antennas . Being volume confined modes, the HP 2 λ p is dependent on the crystal thickness and also on the dielectric function of the substrate, with

λ_{0} / λ_{p}

ultimately approaching 50 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy

Barcelos

Bechtel

Matos

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons, which are quasiparticles composed of a photon coupled to an electric or magnetic dipole, are a major focus in nanophotonic research of van der Waals (vdW) crystals and their derived 2D materials. For the variety of existing vdW materials, polaritons can be active in a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum (meVs to eVs) and exhibit momenta much higher than the corresponding free‐space radiation. Hence, the use of high momentum broadband sources or probes is imperative to excite those quasiparticles and measure the frequency‐momentum dispersion relations, which provide insights into polariton dynamics. Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) is a technique that combines the nanoscale spatial resolution of scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy with ultrabroadband synchrotron infrared radiation, making it highly suitable to probe and characterize a variety of vdW polaritons. Here, the advances enabled by SINS on the study of key photonic attributes of far‐ and mid‐infrared plasmon‐ and phonon‐polaritons in vdW and 2D crystals are reviewed. In that context the SINS technique is comprehensively described and it is demonstrated how fundamental polaritonic properties are retrieved for a range of atomically thin systems including hBN, MoS2, graphene and 2D heterostructures.

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Manipulation and Steering of Hyperbolic Surface Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Cited by 70 publications

References 50 publications

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons

Phonon Polaritons and Hyperbolic Response in van der Waals Materials

Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy

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