Manipulation and detection of a trapped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>Yb</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>hyperfine qubit

Olmschenk, S.; Younge, K. C.; Moehring, D. L.; Matsukevich, Dzmitry; Maunz, Peter; Monroe, Christopher

doi:10.1103/physreva.76.052314

Cited by 449 publications

(533 citation statements)

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“…Long-lived ground state hyperfine states of 171 Yb + are well suited as a qubit for further experiments [11,14,23]. Higher Rabi frequencies (i.e., strong coupling between rf / microwave radiation and qubit) will be achieved in the future by using micro-structured elements for generating rf / microwave radiation integrated into an ion trap.…”

Section: Arxiv:08010078v2 [Quant-ph] 23 Feb 2009mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Addressing of Trapped Ions and Coupling of Motional and Spin States Using rf Radiation

et al. 2009

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Individual electrodynamically trapped and laser cooled ions are addressed in frequency space using radio-frequency radiation in the presence of a static magnetic field gradient. In addition, an interaction between motional and spin states induced by an rf field is demonstrated employing rfoptical double resonance spectroscopy. These are two essential experimental steps towards realizing a novel concept for implementing quantum simulations and quantum computing with trapped ions.PACS numbers: 37.10. Vz, 37.10.Ty, 32.60.+i Quantum simulations addressing a specific scientific problem and universal quantum computation are expected to yield new insight into as of yet unsolved physical problems that withstand efficient treatment on a classical computer (e.g., [1]). Already a small number of qubits (i.e., a few tens) used for quantum simulations could solve problems even beyond the realm of quantum information science. Creating and investigating entanglement in large physical systems is a related important experimental challenge with implications for our understanding of the transition between the elusive quantum regime and the classical world [2].Laser cooled atomic ions confined in an electrodynamic cage have successfully been used for quantum information processing (QIP) [3] and advantages and difficulties associated with this system have been and still are subject to detailed investigations. The electromagnetic radiation used to coherently drive ionic resonances that serve as qubits needs to be stable against variations in frequency, phase, and amplitude over the course of a quantum computation or simulation. Experimentally this is particularly challenging when laser light is used for realizing quantum gates. When employing laser light additional issues need to be dealt with to allow for accurate qubit manipulation such as the intensity profile of the laser beam, its pointing stability, and diffraction effects. Furthermore, the motional state of the ion chain strongly affects the gate fidelity which requires ground state cooling and low heating rates during the gate operation [4]. Also, spontaneous scattering of laser light off excited electronic states may pose a limit for the coherence time of a quantum many-body state. The probability for scattering can be reduced by increasing the detuning from excited states (when two laser light fields are used that drive a Raman transition between hyperfine or Zeeman states) which, however, leads to an increasing demand for laser power [5].For generating Raman laser beams with a desired frequency difference, first a radio-frequency (rf) or microwave signal at this difference frequency has to be generated that is then "imprinted" on the laser light and send to the ions. Using rf or microwave radiation directly for coherent driving of qubit transitions is impeded in usual ion trap schemes, since, (i) individual addressing of qubits by focusing radiation on just one ion is difficult due to the long wavelength of rf radiation, and (ii) the required coupling between qubit stat...

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Section: Arxiv:08010078v2 [Quant-ph] 23 Feb 2009mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Addressing of Trapped Ions and Coupling of Motional and Spin States Using rf Radiation

et al. 2009

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“…We measure the motional heating rate within our ion trap using a technique where the laser cooling beam is turned off for a certain time and ion fluorescence is monitored when the laser is turned on again [51,52]. There are currently several ions being investigated for quantum technology including Ba + [53], Be + [54], Ca + [55][56][57][58][59], Cd + [60], Mg + [61], Sr + [32,62], and Yb + [63][64][65][66]. Yb + is an attractive choice for quantum information processing and for frequency standards [67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile ytterbium ion trap experiment for operation of scalable ion-trap chips with motional heating and transition-frequency measurements

et al. 2011

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This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/38820/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. We present the design and operation of an ytterbium ion trap experiment with a setup offering versatile optical access and 90 electrical interconnects that can host advanced surface and multilayer ion trap chips mounted on chip carriers. We operate a macroscopic ion trap compatible with this chip carrier design and characterize its performance, demonstrating secular frequencies >1 MHz, and trap and cool nearly all of the stable isotopes, including 171 Yb + ions, as well as ion crystals. For this particular trap we measure the motional heating rate ṅ and observe an ṅ ∝1/ω 2 behavior for different secular frequencies ω. We also determine a spectral noise density S E (1 MHz) = 3.6(9) × 10 −11 V 2 m −2 Hz −1 at an ion electrode spacing of 310(10) µm. We describe the experimental setup for trapping and cooling Yb + ions and provide frequency measurements of the 2 S 1/2 ↔ 2 P 1/2 and 2 D 3/2 ↔ 3 D[3/2] 1/2 transitions for the stable 170 Yb + , 171 Yb + , 172 Yb + , 174 Yb + ,a n d 176 Yb + isotopes which are more precise than previously published work.

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“…Here F is the total angular momentum of the ion and m F its projection along the quantization axis. These hyperfine "clock" states are to first order insensitive to the magnetic field and thus form an excellent quantum memory [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Heralded Quantum Gate between Remote Quantum Memories

et al. 2009

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We demonstrate a probabilistic entangling quantum gate between two distant trapped ytterbium ions. The gate is implemented between the hyperfine "clock" state atomic qubits and mediated by the interference of two emitted photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Heralded by the coincidence detection of these two photons, the gate has an average fidelity of 90 ± 2%. This entangling gate together with single qubit operations is sufficient to generate large entangled cluster states for scalable quantum computing.PACS numbers: 03.67. Bg, 42.50.Ex, 03.67.Pp The conventional model of quantum computing, the quantum circuit model [1,2], consists of unitary quantum gate operations followed by measurements at the end of the computation process to read out the result. An equivalent model of quantum computation, which may prove easier to implement, is the "one-way" quantum computer [3,4,5], where a highly entangled state of a large collection of qubits is prepared and local operations and projective measurements complete the quantum computation.Experiments with entangled photon states have demonstrated basic quantum operations [6,7] for oneway quantum computation. However, these experiments did not use quantum memories, and the photonic cluster states used as the resource for the computation are based on postselection and cannot easily be scaled [8]. In contrast, large entangled states of quantum memories can be generated using a photon-mediated quantum gate where the number of necessary operations asymptotically scales linearly with the number of nodes [9,10,11]. The successful operation of the gate is heralded by the coincidence detection of two photons. Because the entangling gate is mediated by photons, it can in principle be applied to a wide variety of quantum memories such as trapped ions, neutral atoms in cavities, atomic ensembles or quantum dots.In this Letter, we demonstrate this probabilistic, heralded entangling gate for two ytterbium ions confined in two independent traps separated by one meter. The gate is implemented between the long-lived hyperfine "clock" states and mediated by photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Unlike the recent demonstration of teleportation between two ions [12], here we demonstrate and characterize the gate for arbitrary quantum states of both qubits, as required for scalable quantum computing. We perform the gate on a full set of input states for both qubits and measure an average fidelity of 90 ± 2%. For the particular case that should result in the antisymmetric Bell state, we perform full tomography of the final state.The gate has many favorable properties. First, the ionsThe experimental apparatus. Two 171 Yb + ions are trapped in identically constructed ion traps separated by one meter. A magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the excitation and observation axes to define the quantization axis. About 2% of the emitted light from each ion is collected by objective lenses (OL) with numerical aperture of 0.23 and coupled into two single-mode fibers. Polarization co...

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Manipulation and detection of a trappedYb+hyperfine qubit

Cited by 449 publications

References 54 publications

Individual Addressing of Trapped Ions and Coupling of Motional and Spin States Using rf Radiation

Individual Addressing of Trapped Ions and Coupling of Motional and Spin States Using rf Radiation

Versatile ytterbium ion trap experiment for operation of scalable ion-trap chips with motional heating and transition-frequency measurements

Heralded Quantum Gate between Remote Quantum Memories

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