Manipulating milk production in early lactation through photoperiod changes and milking frequency

Dahl, Geoffrey E.; Auchtung, T L; Reid, Eric D

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.004

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Along with increased milk production, Bar-Peled et al (1995) observed higher concentrations of OT and PRL in circulation of cows that were frequently milked or suckled. Since PRL is involved in differentiation of the mammary gland, and the magnitude of milking-induced PRL release declines concomitantly with the decrease in milk production as lactation progresses (Koprowski and Tucker, 1973), PRL has also been suggested as a candidate regulator of the effects of IMF on milk production (Dahl et al, 2004a). Four times daily milking or 2X plus PRL injections increased milk production relative to 2X (Crawford et al, 2004).…”

Section: Hormonal Response To Increased Milking Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: A local affair: How the mammary gland adapts to changes in milking frequency1,2

Wall

McFadden

2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Regular removal of milk from the mammary gland is critical to maintaining milk secretion. Early studies in rodents demonstrated that changes in milking frequency influenced mammary blood flow, as well as mammary cell number and activity. Later studies in ruminants confirmed those observations and that the response was regulated locally within the mammary gland. In addition, it was discovered that increased milking frequency (IMF) during early lactation stimulated an increase in milk production that partially persisted through late lactation, indicating long-term effects on mammary function. The local mechanisms regulating the mammary response to IMF are poorly understood, although several have been proposed. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the mammary response to IMF, and to identify genes associated with the response, we used a functional genomics approach and conducted experiments on dairy cows exposed to unilateral frequent milking (UFM; twice daily milking (2X) of the left udder half, four-times daily milking (4X) of the right udder half). Across multiple experiments, we were unable to detect an effect of UFM on mammary cell proliferation or apoptosis. We have, however, identified distinct transcriptional signatures associated with the mammary response to milk removal and to UFM during early lactation. Sequential sampling of mammary tissue revealed that when UFM was imposed during early lactation, at least two sets of genes were coordinately regulated with changes in differential milk production of 4X vs. 2X udder halves. Moreover, some genes were persistently differentially expressed in 4X vs. 2X udder halves after UFM and were associated with the persistent increase in milk yield. We conclude that a coordinated transcriptional response is associated with the increase in milk yield elicited by IMF during early lactation, and that the two sets of differentially expressed genes may be a marker for the autocrine up-regulation of milk production. Moreover, we propose that we have identified a novel form of imprinting associated with persistent alteration of mammary function, which we term 'lactational imprinting.”

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Section: Hormonal Response To Increased Milking Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: A local affair: How the mammary gland adapts to changes in milking frequency1,2

Wall

McFadden

2012

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Therefore, to improve lactational performance of dairy cows, it is critical to understand the factors involved in the regulation of mammary development and differentiation. Indeed, novel management strategies based on discoveries in mammary gland biology have proven highly successful for use in improving milk production efficiency (Dunlap et al, 2000;Dahl et al, 2004). Some of these techniques will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter.…”

Section: The Ultimate Determinants Of Milk Production Potential: Mammmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Wall¹,

McFadden²

2012

Milk Production - An Up-to-Date Overview of Animal Nutrition, Management and Health

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“…Increasing MF is associated with an increased prolactin (PRL) concentration (Bar-Peled et al, 1995;Dahl et al, 2004a) and increased expression of prolactin receptor (PRL-R; Dahl et al, 2002). Cows that are milked more frequently may be more sensitive to PRL, which is key to the differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Increasing Milking Frequency During the Last 28 Days of Gestation on Milk Production, Dry Matter Intake, and Energy Balance in Dairy Cows

Rastani

Rio

Smith

et al. 2007

Journal of Dairy Science

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Forty-eight Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design to evaluate different dry period lengths and prepartum milking frequencies (MF) on subsequent milk production, milk composition, solids-corrected milk production, dry matter intake (DMI), and energy balance. Lactating cows, milked 2 times/d, began a 7-d covariate period 35 d prior to the expected calving date. Cows were milked 0 times/d (0x), 1 time/d (1x), and 4 times/d (4x) for the last 28 d of gestation. If milk production decreased to less than 0.5 kg/milking or 1 kg/d, milking via machine ceased; however, teat stimulation continued 1 or 4 times/d according to the treatment assignment. All cows were milked 2 times/d postpartum (wk 1 to 10). Prepartum DMI tended to be greater for 1x and 4x compared with 0x. Prepartum, cows milked 1x produced 17% less milk than cows milked 4x (5.9 and 7.1 kg/d, respectively). There were no differences in prepartum and postpartum body condition scores, body weights, and DMI. Postpartum milk production by cows following their third or greater gestation was greater for 0x and 4x compared with 1x. Postpartum milk production by cows following their second gestation was significantly decreased with increased MF (0x vs. 1x and 4x). Regardless of parity, postpartum solids-corrected milk was greater for 0x compared with 1x and 4x. Postpartum fat yield was greater for 0x vs. 4x, with 1x being intermediate. Postpartum protein yield was greater for 0x vs. 4x, whereas 0x tended to have greater protein yield than 1x. Postpartum energy balance was greater for 1x and 4x relative to 0x. Continuous milking (1x and 4x) resulted in a loss of milk production in the subsequent lactation for cows following their second gestation; however, for cows following their third or greater gestation, increasing the MF from 1x to 4x in the last 28 d of gestation alleviated the loss in milk production.

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Manipulating milk production in early lactation through photoperiod changes and milking frequency

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: A local affair: How the mammary gland adapts to changes in milking frequency1,2

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: A local affair: How the mammary gland adapts to changes in milking frequency1,2

Regulation of Mammary Development as It Relates to Changes in Milk Production Efficiency

Effects of Increasing Milking Frequency During the Last 28 Days of Gestation on Milk Production, Dry Matter Intake, and Energy Balance in Dairy Cows

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