Manipulating extracellular tumour pH: an effective target for cancer therapy

Abstract

The pH in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment has played important roles in cancer development and treatment.

pH‐Dependent Nitrotyrosine Formation in Ribonuclease A is Enhanced in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

“…Often such malfunctioning of enzyme activity leads to dopamine deficiency or inhibition of kinase dependent phosphorylation . The pH of normal cells falls in the range of 7.2–7.5 which sharply reduces in tumor cells to around 6.7–7.0 which is believed to be a result of abnormal glycolysis in these cells . Paquette et al.…”

“…[22,26] The pH of normal cells falls in the range of 7.2-7.5 which sharply reduces in tumor cellst oa round 6.7-7.0 which is believed to be ar esult of abnormal glycolysis in these cells. [27,28] Paquette et al reported that the activity of NO frequentlyi ncreases in breast cancerc ells and oxidation of estrogen (which stimulates breast cancerc ells) often leads to the production of peroxynitrite. [29] NT has been detected in significant amounts in lymph node metastasis, in breast cancer,a nd immune stainingh as shown that NT is present in significant amounts within inflammatoryc ells located at the sides of the blood vessels at the edges of tumor cells.…”

Flexible potentiometric pH sensors for wearable systems

“…For example, pH levels can reect variations in the local, regional, and systemic acid-base balance which is related to health and disease. 48 Furthermore, the variation in pH values can reect the activity of many physiological, biological and medical processes such as enzymatic reaction, tumour metastasis, 49,50 wound healing 51,52 cellular growth 13,53 etc. Therefore, in situ assessment of the pH levels of body uids, such as sweat, tears, urine and saliva could provide the relevant information necessary for the early detection of many diseases.…”

Use of pyridazinediones as extracellular cleavable linkers through reversible cysteine conjugation

“…pH 6.5). 34 Fab-PD species 17 was incubated under buffered conditions at pH 6.5 for 7 days. Despite acidic conditions slowing down the rate of Michael deconjugation, the majority of the PD was still released from the conjugate (Fig.…”