Manipulating, Deforming and Animating Sampled Object Representations

Abstract

A sampled object representation (SOR) defines a graphical model using data obtained from a sampling process, which takes a collection of samples at discrete positions in space in order to capture certain geometrical and physical properties of one or more objects of interest. Examples of SORs include images, videos, volume datasets and point datasets. Unlike many commonly used data representations in computer graphics, SORs lack in geometrical, topological and semantic information, which is much needed for controlling deformation and animation. Hence it poses a significant scientific and technical challenge to develop deformation and animation methods that operate upon SORs. Such methods can enable computer graphics and computer animation to benefit enormously from the advances of digital imaging technology.In this state of the art report, we survey a wide range of techniques that have been developed for manipulating, deforming and animating SORs. We consider a collection of elementary operations for manipulating SORs, which can serve as building blocks of deformation and animation techniques. We examine a collection of techniques that are designed to transform the geometry shape of deformable objects in sampled representations and pay particular attention to their deployment in surgical simulation. We review a collection of techniques for animating digital characters in SORs, focusing on recent developments in volume animation.

Volume Rendering of Curvilinear-Grid Data Using Low-Dimensional Deformation Textures

“…Volume deformation has also been researched, with various methods of application as summarized by Chen et al in [23]. One such method is to rig up a volume with bones, similar to the rigging of models commonly used in video games.…”

Haptic Rendering of Volume Data with Collision Determination Guarantee Using Ray Casting and Implicit Surface Representation

“…The result of such an acquisition process is a data set consisting of pairs < coordinates, intensity value >, where the intensity value is a scalar measured by a scanning device (e.g. the value of unabsorpted X-rays) [2]. One can take a look for a detailed description of volume data and related terms in [3].…”

“…The segmentation process is a large field of research, and different approaches for different purposes have already been proposed (see e.g. [2] and [4] for an overview and suggested methods). We assume that 3D data is already segmented, i.e.…”

Scan-Based Volume Animation Driven by Locally Adaptive Articulated Registrations

“…Large amounts of previous works related to sampled object representation are well surveyed in [20]. Based on this survey of recent related works, articulated human volume animation and inner tissue deformation especially from multiple living human scans of complex skeletal regions (e.g.…”