Manifestations of the rotation and gravity of the Earth in high-energy physics experiments

Abstract

The inertial (due to rotation) and the gravitational fields of the Earth affect the motion of an elementary particle and its spin dynamics. This influence is not negligible and should be taken into account in high-energy physics experiments. Earth's influence is manifest in perturbations in the particle motion, in an additional precession of the spin, and in a change of the constitutive tensor of the Maxwell electrodynamics. Bigger corrections are oscillatory and their contributions average to zero. Other corrections due to the inhomogeneity of the inertial field are not oscillatory but they are very small and may be important only for the storage ring electric dipole moment experiments. Earth's gravity causes the Newton-like force, the reaction force provided by a focusing system, and additional torques acting on the spin. However, there are no observable indications of the electromagnetic effects due to Earth's gravity.

Spin dynamics of fermion particles in gravitational and electromagnetic fields

“…The vector of the generalized force F α acting on a particle has only a transversal projection, according to (4). As for the spin transport matrix Φ αβ , like any bivector, we can decompose it into a pair of 4-vectors.…”

“…The 0th component of (15) vanishes, which is equivalent to the second condition (4). As a result, the spin evolution equation (15) reduces to the 3-vector form…”

General treatment of quantum and classical spinning particles in external fields

“…Such a situation is of interest, on the one hand, as a fundamental problem of mathematical physics and, on the other hand, it has various important applications ranging form the astrophysical conditions (physical processes near the massive astrophysical objects like neutron stars or black holes) to the highenergy experimental setup on the Earth. In particular, our recent study [42] of the influence of terrestrial gravity and rotation in the precision experiments in storage rings has shown that the corresponding effects are not negligible, and they are manifest in perturbations of particle motion and in additional precession of spin. One should take them into account in the actual and planned g-2 and EDM experiments.…”

Phenomenological description of spin effects in electromagnetic and strong interactions of quarks

“…Since the magnetic dipole moment is proportional to the spin [μ = egs/(2mc)], the Hamiltonian of interaction (21) corresponds to the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation [31,32] (see also [13,33]) in the general case. This equation describes the spin motion in electromagnetic fields:…”

“…Developed methods of the relativistic FW transformation [7][8][9] (see also [10][11][12] and references therein) ensure fulfilling this transformation in arbitrarily strong external fields. While this approach has not been used for strong interactions, it has proven itself as a powerful tool for a description of electromagnetic [11,13,14], gravitational [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and weak [22,23] interactions of single particles.…”