Manifestation of Tectonic and Climatic Perturbations in Deep-Time Stratigraphy – An Example From the Paleocene Succession Offshore Western Norway

Sømme, Tor O.; Skogseid, Jakob; Embry, Patricia; Løseth, Helge

doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00303

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…As a result, sediment supply variability to the deepwater does not necessarily follow 'classical' lowstand or falling base-level models (Posamentier and Vail, 1988;Hadler-Jacobsen et al, 2005;Sømme et al, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Strachan et al, 2013;Watkins et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019a, b) and shelf process regime is less influential or can be considered fluviallydriven (Dixon et al, 2012;Cosgrove et al, 2018). Consequently, changes in sediment flux within onshore drainage catchments should have direct implications for deep-water sediment delivery (Collier et al, 2000;Blum and Hattier-Womack, 2009;Armitage et al, 2011;Romans et al, 2016;Watkins et al, 2018;Sømme et al, 2019;Tofelde et al, 2021). Although changes in sedimentation rate in deep-water syn-rift depositional systems are recognised or interpreted (Guiterrez-Pastor et al, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Pechlivanidou et al, 2018;McNeil et al, 2019a), the interplay of external factors that control changes in sediment flux are seldom well constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allen, 2008;Ford et al, 2016;Romans et al, 2016;Gawthorpe et al, 2018), whereas climatic variability can be identified on higher order, 10 4 -10 5 yr timescales (e.g. Collier et al, 2000;Allen, 2008;Blum & Hattier-Womack, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Watkins et al, 2018;Sømme et al, 2019). The overlap in the timescales for these controls makes determining relative influences of climate and tectonics on stratigraphy challenging, especially in under-filled deep-water basins (Allen, 2008;Whittaker et al, 2010Whittaker et al, , 2011Armitage et al, 2011;Romans et al, 2016;Sømme et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collier et al, 2000;Allen, 2008;Blum & Hattier-Womack, 2009;Nelson et al, 2009;Watkins et al, 2018;Sømme et al, 2019). The overlap in the timescales for these controls makes determining relative influences of climate and tectonics on stratigraphy challenging, especially in under-filled deep-water basins (Allen, 2008;Whittaker et al, 2010Whittaker et al, , 2011Armitage et al, 2011;Romans et al, 2016;Sømme et al, 2019). The difficulty of confident palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, against comparatively more accessible and certain structural mapping, may mean that many depositional models tend to favour tectonics as a principal driving force, even at 10 4 -10 5 yr timescales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep-Water Syn-rift Stratigraphy as Archives of Early-Mid Pleistocene Palaeoenvironmental Signals and Controls on Sediment Delivery

et al. 2021

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The timing and character of coarse siliciclastic sediment delivered to deep-water environments in active rift basins is governed by the complicated interactions of tectonics, climate, eustasy, hinterland geology, and shelf process regime. The stratigraphic archives of deep-water syn-rift basin-fills provide records of palaeoenvironmental changes (e.g. climate and vegetation) in onshore catchments, particularly where they are connected by narrow shelves. However, a chronostratigraphically constrained record of climatic fluctuations and process responses in the hinterland source area recorded in deep-water deposits is rare. Here, we integrate a fully cored research borehole with outcrop exposures of deep-water syn-rift stratigraphy to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change within the stratigraphy of the West Xylokastro Fault Block in the Corinth Rift, Greece. We used palaeomagnetic and palynological analyses from borehole core samples to develop a chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental model, which we compare to global records of Early-Mid Pleistocene climate and eustatic change. This framework allows establishment of a chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental context to stratigraphic variability encountered in outcrop and in the borehole. Our results show that the ∼240 m thick studied succession was deposited from ∼1.1 to 0.6 Ma across the Early-to Mid-Pleistocene transition. During the Early Pleistocene, obliquity-paced climatic variability is largely coherent with vegetation changes of forest coverage within catchments on the southern margin of the Corinth Rift. Large magnitude, eccentricity-paced cyclicity dominant after the Mid-Pleistocene Transition can alter sediment supply from onshore catchments during the warming stages of severe interglacials where expansion of forest cover may trap sediment within catchments. Conglomeratic grade sediment delivery to the deep-water is enhanced during glacial periods, interpreted to reflect sparse forest cover and large winter storms, and during semi-arid, grassland-dominated interglacial highstands during severe interglacials. Base-level rise during minor interglacials is easily outpaced by high sediment supply and is seldom represented stratigraphically. The study demonstrates the value of integrated palynological and sedimentological studies, whilst applying a conservative approach to interpretation when dealing with sparse palynological records from proximal deep-water stratigraphy. The case study provides conceptual models where climatic and vegetation changes can begin to be incorporated as a key control on sediment flux from onshore drainage basins to deep-water syn-rift successions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep-Water Syn-rift Stratigraphy as Archives of Early-Mid Pleistocene Palaeoenvironmental Signals and Controls on Sediment Delivery

et al. 2021

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“…To constrain predictions in Tss load based on the RoBART or BQART method, Monte Carlo simulations are often used to improve confidence in the practical bounds that define each parameter (e.g., Brewer et al, 2020;Sømme et al, 2013Sømme et al, , 2019Zhang et al, 2018). By applying probabilities that define the likelihood of a value to occur and randomly selecting a value from the population, a series of simulations (>10,000 iterations) can constrain the probable range in predicted sediment load.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the BQART model that predicts total suspended sediment load of modern river systems to global oceans has in recent years gained popularity as a first‐order estimate for mass budgets in ancient sedimentary systems (e.g., Allen et al., 2013; Blum & Hattier‐Womack, 2009; Brewer et al., 2020; Eide et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Lyster et al., 2020; Sømme et al., 2011, 2013, 2019; Watkins et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018). The BQART model expands on the early work of Milliman and Meade (1983) who showed strong scaling relationships between the size of a river system and observed suspended sediment load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%