Mania symptoms in a Swedish longitudinal population study: The roles of childhood trauma and neurodevelopmental disorders

Gajwani, Ruchika; Dinkler, Lisa; Lundström, Sebastian; Lichtenstein, Paul; Gillberg, Christopher; Minnis, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.076

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The genetic correlation is lower but not that dissimilar to those reported for depressive symptoms and MDD in the same sample (0.53-0.58) . Our work adds to the validity of a hypomania continuum of BD when combined with research showing links between hypomania and bipolar disorder–related risk factors (eg, childhood maltreatment) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Various environmental factors have been implicated in the cause of BD and hypomania, including childhood maltreatment. [31][32][33] Research shows that female individuals are at greater risk of experiencing such trauma compared with male individuals, 34 which could explain the diminished role of genetic factors at this developmental stage. Future studies are needed to replicate our findings and assess any developmental changes in the hypomania etiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Our work adds to the validity of a hypomania continuum of BD when combined with research showing links between hypomania and bipolar disorder-related risk factors (eg, childhood maltreatment). 33 Caution should be taken when applying the hypomania continuum to BD given that the disorder is not characterized by 1 symptom dimension, unlike MDD. For instance, patients with BD commonly experience psychosis 38 and depressive episodes, with the latter included in the BD II diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results for female individuals were more curious where environmental influences accounted for the majority of the hypomania variance and genetic factors explained 29%. Various environmental factors have been implicated in the cause of BD and hypomania, including childhood maltreatment . Research shows that female individuals are at greater risk of experiencing such trauma compared with male individuals, which could explain the diminished role of genetic factors at this developmental stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Subsyndromal hypomanic symptoms are relatively common in the general population and are linked to the onset of bipolar disorder. Little is known about their etiology and whether this is shared with the etiology of bipolar disorder or other mental illnesses.OBJECTIVE To examine the genetic and environmental architecture of hypomanic symptoms in a nonclinical youth sample and compare estimates at varying severity levels and their association with diagnosed bipolar disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used phenotypic and genetic data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden and included individuals with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnosis of psychiatric disorders from national registries for residents of Sweden.Associations between hypomania and polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia were also investigated. Analysis began November 2018 and ended October 2021.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hypomanic symptoms were assessed using the parent-rated Mood Disorders Questionnaire when the twins were aged 18 years. Bipolar disorder diagnosis and/or lithium prescription were ascertained from national registries for residents of Sweden. Polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders were calculated using independent discovery genetic data.RESULTS A total of 8568 twin pairs aged 18 years (9381 [54.7%] female) were included in the study. The hypomania heritability estimate was 59% (95% CI, 52%-64%) for male individuals and 29% (95% CI, 16%-44%) for female individuals. Unique environmental factors accounted for 41% (95% CI, 36%-47%) of the hypomania variance in male individuals and 45% (95% CI, 40%-50%) in female individuals. Shared environmental factors were only detected for female individuals and explained 26% (95% CI, 13%-38%) of the variance. The heritability estimates were fairly consistent across different hypomania severity groups. Moderate genetic (0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.58) and shared environmental (0.41; 95% CI, 0.03-0.75) correlations between hypomania and diagnosed bipolar disorder were found. Hypomania was significantly associated with the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (β = 0.08; SE = 0.026; P = .002) and major depressive disorder (β = 0.09; SE = 0.027; P = .001) but not bipolar disorder (β = 0.017; SE = 0.03; P = 0.57) (bipolar disorder I [β = 0.014; SE = 0.029; P = .64] or bipolar disorder II [β = 0.045; SE = 0.027; P = .10]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher heritability for hypomania was found for male compared with female individuals. The results highlight the shared etiologies between hypomanic symptoms, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia in youths. Future research should focus on identifying specific shared genetic and environmental factors. These findings support a possible dimensional model of bipolar disorder, with hypomania representing a continuous trait underlying the disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses

et al. 2022

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“…We found that maltreated children were nearly ten times as likely as their non-maltreated peers to have symptoms of neurodevelopmental conditions in three or more of the four symptom clusters we investigated—yet maltreatment did not cause this increased neurodevelopmental load [ 8 ]. We have also recently shown, in a large general population study, that adolescents are at twice the risk of developing symptoms of severe psychiatric disorder (in this case mania) if, at age 9, they had experience of both child maltreatment and symptoms of neurodevelopmental conditions(s) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Aces and Neurodevelopmental Conditions Often Co-exist And Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Double jeopardy: implications of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experiences for child health

Gajwani

Minnis

2022

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Specificity of Episodic Future Thinking in Adolescents: Comparing Childhood Maltreatment, Autism Spectrum, and Typical Development

Lau-Zhu,

Chan,

Gibson

et al. 2024

Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol

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Maltreatment and autism can be associated with overlapping difficulties across functional domains (e.g., social, emotional, and sensory) and high rates of mental health problems. A cognitive approach focussing on affect-laden cognition, here on episodic future thinking (FT), could help inform cognitive assessments and adapt psychological interventions. Three groups of adolescents (N = 85), (i) maltreatment (n = 28), (ii) autism (n = 29), and (iii) typical development without maltreatment/autism (TD; n = 28), matched in age (10–16 years old), sex (assigned at birth), and socioeconomic status, completed a newly adapted online Autobiographical Future Thinking Test. As predicted, the maltreatment group generated significantly fewer specific future events relative to the TD group, however, the number of specific future events did not significantly differ between the autism and the other groups. Exploratory analyses showed that lower FT specificity was significantly associated with more depressive (but not anxiety) symptoms across the three groups. These findings shed light on the cognitive profiles of both maltreatment and autism during adolescence and signal FT as a potential therapeutic target for adolescents with these developmental differences. Our study lays the foundation for additional comparisons of maltreatment-related presentations versus autism with improved designs and a broader set of cognitive and clinical domains.

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Mania symptoms in a Swedish longitudinal population study: The roles of childhood trauma and neurodevelopmental disorders

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses

Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses

Double jeopardy: implications of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse childhood experiences for child health

Specificity of Episodic Future Thinking in Adolescents: Comparing Childhood Maltreatment, Autism Spectrum, and Typical Development

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