Mangroves as bioshield: An undisputable fact

Sandilyan, S.; Kathiresan, K.

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.011

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite such arguments, scholars concur that mangroves provide coastal protection against tsunamis and storm surges to some extent (Alongi, ; Costanza et al., ; Sandilyan & Kathiresan, ). Myanmar's coast is prone to tsunamis and storm surges due to its geographical location, and with the loss of mangroves it is becoming highly vulnerable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar's mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014)

Estoque

Myint

Wang

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Myanmar is one of the mangrove-richest countries in the world, providing valuable ecosystem services to people. However, due to deforestation driven primarily by agricultural expansion, Myanmar's mangrove forest cover has declined dramatically over the past few decades, while what remains is still under pressure. To support management planning, accurate quantification of mangrove forest cover changes on a national scale is needed. In this study, we quantified Myanmar's mangrove forest cover changes between 2000 and 2014 using remotely sensed data, examined the environmental impacts of such changes, and estimated the changes in the economic values of mangrove ecosystem services in the country. Results indicate that Myanmar had a net mangrove loss of 191,122 ha over the study period. Since 2000, Myanmar has been losing mangrove forest cover at an alarming rate of 14,619 ha/year (2.2%/year). The loss was predominant in Rakhine and Ayeyarwady. The observed mangrove forest cover loss has resulted in decreased evapotranspiration, carbon stock, and tree cover percentage. Due to deforestation, Myanmar also suffered a net loss of 2,397 million US$/year in its mangrove ecosystem service value (i.e. 28.7% decrease from 2000), in which maintenance of fisheries nursery populations and habitat and coastal protection were among those services that were greatly affected. We suggest that intensive reforestation and mangrove protection programs be implemented immediately. Agroforestry and community forestry programs are encouraged in areas that are under immense pressure from paddy field expansion, fuelwood extraction, charcoal production, and fish and shrimp farming activities. Potential alternative sustainable solutions should include intensive government-led private forest plantations or community-owned forest plantations to be developed with care by local farmers, nongovernmental organizations, and business owners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar's mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014)

Estoque

Myint

Wang

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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“…, b , Giri et al. , MacKenzie and Warren , Sandilyan and Kathiresan ). Despite the socio‐economic and ecological importance of mangrove forests, these ecosystems continue to decline or be degraded due to anthropogenic impacts, natural causes, or the additive effects of both (Valiela et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Owing to their unique position in the landscape and characteristic mix of biological communities, mangrove ecosystems offer a multitude of goods and services to the local biota and human population. These benefits include shoreline stabilization, storm protection, habitat and biodiversity protection, flood and flow control, sediment and nutrient retention, recreation, tourism, fishing, and forestry products (Furukawa et al 1997, Hussain and Badola 2008, McIvor et al 2012a,b, Giri et al 2015, MacKenzie and Warren 2015, Sandilyan and Kathiresan 2015. Despite the socio-economic and ecological importance of mangrove forests, these ecosystems continue to decline or be degraded due to anthropogenic impacts, natural causes, or the additive effects of both (Valiela et al 2001, Giri et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of land use on Indian mangrove forest carbon stocks: Implications for conservation and management

Bhomia

MacKenzie

Murdiyarso

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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Globally, mangrove forests represents only 0.7% of world's tropical forested area but are highly threatened due to susceptibility to climate change, sea level rise, and increasing pressures from human population growth in coastal regions. Our study was carried out in the Bhitarkanika Conservation Area (BCA), the second-largest mangrove area in eastern India. We assessed total ecosystem carbon (C) stocks at four land use types representing varying degree of disturbances. Ranked in order of increasing impacts, these sites included dense mangrove forests, scrub mangroves, restored/planted mangroves, and abandoned aquaculture ponds. These impacts include both natural and/or anthropogenic disturbances causing stress, degradation, and destruction of mangroves. Mean vegetation C stocks (including both above- and belowground pools; mean ± standard error) in aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 0, 7 ± 4, 65 ± 11 and 100 ± 11 Mg C/ha, respectively. Average soil C pools for aquaculture, planted, scrub, and dense mangroves were 61 ± 8, 92 ± 20, 177 ± 14, and 134 ± 17 Mg C/ha, respectively. Mangrove soils constituted largest fraction of total ecosystem C stocks at all sampled sites (aquaculture [100%], planted [90%], scrub [72%], and dense mangrove [57%]). Within BCA, the four studied land use types covered an area of ~167 km and the total ecosystem C stocks were 0.07 Tg C for aquaculture (~12 km ), 0.25 Tg C for planted/ restored mangrove (~24 km ), 2.29 teragrams (Tg) Tg C for scrub (~93 km ), and 0.89 Tg C for dense mangroves (~38 km ). Although BCA is protected under Indian wildlife protection and conservation laws, ~150 000 people inhabit this area and are directly or indirectly dependent on mangrove resources for sustenance. Estimates of C stocks of Bhitarkanika mangroves and recognition of their role as a C repository could provide an additional reason to support conservation and restoration of Bhitarkanika mangroves. Harvesting or destructive exploitation of mangroves by local communities for economic gains can potentially be minimized by enabling these communities to avail themselves of carbon offset/conservation payments under approved climate change mitigation strategies and actions.

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“…Specifically, in terms of density, mangroves near the equator are characterized by dense above-ground biomass, and by less pronounced seasonal variation in their density (Koch et al, 2009). Moreover, the dense stilt root systems of the Rhizophora spp., which is commonly found in Central America, have been shown to be effective at dissipating wave energy (Horstman et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2012) and withstanding storms (Dahdouh-Guebas et al, 2005;Sandilyan and Kathiresan, 2015). In terms of width, mangrove belts are still found in the region despite significant deforestation (Spalding et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangroves for Coastal Protection: Evidence from Hurricanes in Central America

Valle¹,

Eriksson²,

Escudero³

et al. 2019

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Mangroves as bioshield: An undisputable fact

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar's mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014)

Assessing environmental impacts and change in Myanmar's mangrove ecosystem service value due to deforestation (2000–2014)

Impacts of land use on Indian mangrove forest carbon stocks: Implications for conservation and management

Mangroves for Coastal Protection: Evidence from Hurricanes in Central America

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