Mangrove Forest Restoration and Rehabilitation

López–Portillo, Jorge; Lewis, Roy R.; Saenger, Peter; Rovai, André Scarlate; Koedam, Nico; Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid; Agraz-Hernández, Claudia M.; Rivera‐Monroy, Victor H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62206-4_10

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…In areas where mangrove propagules are abundant, planting mangroves is often not necessary because mangroves can typically recruit naturally into a restoration site once the appropriate hydrologic regime has been established. So, instead of directly planting mangroves, many mangrove restoration efforts plant salt marsh grasses, which, in addition to being freeze tolerant, can more quickly stabilize substrates and provide plant coverage that facilitates natural mangrove recruitment (Lewis, 2009; Lewis & Dunstan, 1975; Lewis & Gilmore, 2007; López‐Portillo et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana

Osland

Day

Michot

2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Climate change is expected to result in the tropicalization of coastal wetlands in the northern Gulf of Mexico, as warming winters allow tropical mangrove forests to expand their distribution poleward at the expense of temperate salt marshes. Data limitations near mangrove range limits have hindered understanding of the effects of winter temperature extremes on mangrove distribution and structure. Here, we investigated the influence of extreme freeze events on the abundance, height and coverage of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in Louisiana. Location Coastal Louisiana, USA. Methods We quantified the relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage using: (a) mangrove observation points recorded via aerial surveys from a fixed‐wing aircraft; (b) 30 years of temperature data; and (c) mangrove mortality and leaf damage temperature thresholds. We used freeze frequency data and mangrove–climate relationships to evaluate and spatially depict the risk of A. germinans freeze damage across Louisiana. Results We identified strong negative relationships between the frequency of extreme freeze events and A. germinans abundance, height and coverage. Avicennia germinans is most abundant, tall and continuous along the south‐eastern outer coast of Louisiana, where the frequency of extreme freeze events is reduced (i.e., lower risk of mangrove freeze damage) by the buffering effects of comparatively warm Gulf of Mexico waters. Conversely, the risk of A. germinans freeze damage has historically been very high across Louisiana's Chenier Plain and within more inland wetlands in the Deltaic Plain. Main conclusions Our analyses advance understanding of how the frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution, height and coverage of A. germinans near its northern range limit. In addition to informing climate‐smart coastal restoration efforts, our findings can be used to better anticipate and prepare for the tropicalization of temperate wetlands due to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana

Osland

Day

Michot

2020

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Although mangrove restoration efforts can be highly successful if natural hydrologic regimes are established, many poorly planned restoration efforts fail (Lewis , López‐Portillo et al. ). Moreover, post‐restoration funding for monitoring and research is often limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid peat development beneath created, maturing mangrove forests: ecosystem changes across a 25‐yr chronosequence

Osland

Feher

Spivak

et al. 2020

Ecological Applications

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2020. Rapid peat development beneath created, maturing mangrove forests: ecosystem changes across a 25-yr chronosequence. Ecological Applications 30(4):Abstract. Mangrove forests are among the world's most productive and carbon-rich ecosystems. Despite growing understanding of factors controlling mangrove forest soil carbon stocks, there is a need to advance understanding of the speed of peat development beneath maturing mangrove forests, especially in created and restored mangrove forests that are intended to compensate for ecosystem functions lost during mangrove forest conversion to other land uses. To better quantify the rate of soil organic matter development beneath created, maturing mangrove forests, we measured ecosystem changes across a 25-yr chronosequence. We compared ecosystem properties in created, maturing mangrove forests to adjacent natural mangrove forests. We also quantified site-specific changes that occurred between 2010 and 2016. Soil organic matter accumulated rapidly beneath maturing mangrove forests as sandy soils transitioned to organic-rich soils (peat). Within 25 yr, a 20-cm deep peat layer developed. The time required for created mangrove forests to reach equivalency with natural mangrove forests was estimated as (1) <15 yr for herbaceous and juvenile vegetation, (2)~55 yr for adult trees, (3) 25 yr for the upper soil layer (0-10 cm), and (4)~45-80 yr for the lower soil layer (10-30 cm). For soil elevation change, the created mangrove forests were equivalent to or surpassed natural mangrove forests within the first 5 yr. A comparison to chronosequence studies from other ecosystems indicates that the rate of soil organic matter accumulation beneath maturing mangrove forests may be among the fastest globally. In most peatland ecosystems, soil organic matter formation occurs slowly (over centuries, millennia); however, these results show that mangrove peat formation can occur within decades. Peat development, primarily due to subsurface root accumulation, enables mangrove forests to sequester carbon, adjust their elevation relative to sea level, and adapt to changing conditions at the dynamic land-ocean interface. In the face of climate change and rising sea levels, coastal managers are increasingly concerned with the longevity and functionality of coastal restoration efforts. Our results advance understanding of the pace of ecosystem development in created, maturing mangrove forests, which can improve predictions of mangrove forest responses to global change and ecosystem restoration.

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“…), while very few projects include detailed monitoring plans with no documentation of either positive and/or negative outcomes (López‐Portillo et al. ). Ecological mangrove rehabilitation (EMR), in contrast, is a technique that prioritizes the restoration of hydrological regimes to facilitate multi‐species recruitment of mangrove seedlings enabling establishment at natural tidal inundation levels (Lewis , Brown et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cameron

Hutley

Friess

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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To date, discourse associated with the potential application of “blue carbon” within real‐world carbon markets has focused on blue carbon as a mitigation strategy in the context of avoided deforestation (e.g., REDD+). Here, we report structural dynamics and carbon storage gains from mangrove sites that have undergone rehabilitation to ascertain whether reforestation can complement conservation activities and warrant project investment. Replicated sites at two locations with contrasting geomorphic conditions were selected, Tiwoho and Tanakeke on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. These locations are representative of high (Tiwoho, deep muds and silty substrates) and low (Tanakeke, shallow, coralline sands) productivity mangrove ecosystems. They share a similar management history of clearing and conversion for aquaculture before restorative activities were undertaken using the practice of Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation (EMR). Species diversity and mean biomass carbon storage gains after 10 yr of regrowth from the high productivity sites of Tiwoho (49.2 ± 9.1 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) are already almost of one‐third of mean biomass stocks exhibited by mature forests (167.8 ± 30.3 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1). Tiwoho's EMR sites, on average, will have offset all biomass C that was initially lost through conversion within the next 11 yr, a finding in marked contrast to the minimal carbon gains observed on the low productivity, low diversity, coral atoll EMR sites of Tanakeke (1.1 ± 0.4 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1). These findings highlight the importance of geomorphic and biophysical site selection if the primary purpose of EMR is intended to maximize carbon sequestration gains.

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Mangrove Forest Restoration and Rehabilitation

Cited by 52 publications

References 116 publications

Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana

Frequency of extreme freeze events controls the distribution and structure of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) near their northern range limit in coastal Louisiana

Rapid peat development beneath created, maturing mangrove forests: ecosystem changes across a 25‐yr chronosequence

Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia

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