Mangrove Biogeography of the Indo-Pacific

Saenger, Peter; Ragavan, P.; Sheue, Chiou‐Rong; López–Portillo, Jorge; Yong, Jean Wan Hong; Mageswaran, T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04417-6_23

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Mangrove flora recorded in this study consisted of six genera with 15 different mangrove tree species and two understory shrubs. The Indo-West Pacific (IWP) is known to have the highest mangrove diversity on Earth with at least 69 mangrove species (Saenger et al 2019), while this study of Penang, Malaysia, found a relatively low number of tree species. Considering all mangrove forests in this study, a high abundance of A. marina resulted in a low Shannon index, low species richness, and low evenness among tree species (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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Urban development is driving the loss and subsequent fragmentation of mangrove forests in Penang, Malaysia. However, little research has focused on the implications of urbanization onto the biodiversity within mangrove forests. This study investigates and compares both vegetation and crab assemblages between urban and rural mangrove forests. Collectively, 5853 trees were recorded including 15 species from six families: Acanthaceae, Arecaceae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, and Rhizophoraceae. Avicennia marina accounted for 88.6% of all trees in the study and held the highest species importance (IV). Although the total number of mangrove tree species varied significantly between urban (14) and rural (7) mangrove forests, the mangrove forest structure based on IV did not vary significantly. In total, 633 crabs were recorded comprising 13 different species from three superfamilies: Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea, and Paguroidea. Crab species richness did not vary between urban and rural sites, but the biomasses of five and the densities of four crab species varied significantly. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that land use, salinity, and abundance of Avicennia officinalis can best describe the distribution of crab species (r2 =32.7). This study indicates that smaller fragmented urban mangroves at the east coast of Penang have a relatively high tree and crab diversity and are worth protecting, in addition to the larger mangrove forests on the west coast. The preservation of small yet interconnected mangrove sites could be critical to the recruitment of their flora and fauna and should be considered in decision-making processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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“…The composition of mangrove species around the area was a result of geological adaptation over a thousand years. Therefore, the mangroves in the study site had higher species number [21].…”

Section: Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Geographically, TANR is a bay directly facing the Makassar Strait. East Kalimantan coastal area, which is bordered by the Makassar Strait, is an important distribution of mangroves in the Indo West Pacific region [21]. The composition of mangrove species around the area was a result of geological adaptation over a thousand years.…”

Section: Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indirectly influences species richness, diversity, and dominance indices. According to Saenger et al [21] the mangrove species richness index in Kalimantan coastal region is strongly affected by environmental conditions that have higher evaporation and lower salinity compared to other regions in the world. In the long term, various research have predicted that climate change can also influence the adaptability of various mangroves species, influencing species richness index and diversity index [31,37,38].…”

Section: Species Richness Index Diversity Index and Dominance Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of Floristic Composition and Species Diversity an Initial Step Towards the Restoration of Mangrove Forest in Teluk Adang Nature Reserve, Indonesia

Mukhlisi¹,

Nuryani²,

Sayektiningsih³

2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Mangrove is known as a unique and complex ecosystem, located in the intertidal zone vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we analyzed the floristic composition and relationship between species density and soil properties of mangrove forests in Teluk Adang Nature Reserve (TANR), East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected by establishing 6 transects placed perpendicular to the sea. The results showed that there were 14 species of mangroves in TANR. The current remaining stand has not been disturbed by human intervention. Rhizophora apiculata dominated all growth strata (seedlings, saplings, and trees) with the Important Value Index (IVI) of 98.22%; 127.73%, 144.03%, respectively. Ecologically, the density and distribution of Rhizophora apiculata correlated with soil texture conditions such as silt and clay. The tree density of mangroves in TANR was classified as low with an average of 606.67±147.230 ind ha-1. The average values of diameter, height, and basal area were 18.16±2.119 cm; 12.24±2.667 m; 42.56±2.255 m ha-1 , respectively. The Margalef species richness index and Shannon Wienner diversity index in TANR were in the low-to-moderate category. To improve the condition of the disturbed mangrove forests, it should be immediately restored by considering the result of the analysis of the current composition and structure of mangrove vegetation.

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“…Global mangrove species diversity is divided into two realms, the Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) and the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) (Duke et al, 1998). All families of the AEP are represented in the IWP, but Tetrameristaceae (formerly Pellicieraceae) only occurs in the AEP, where the highest proportion of threatened mangrove species is found (Duke et al, 1998;Polidoro et al, 2010;Saenger et al, 2019). Pelliciera Planch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threatened Mangroves in the Anthropocene: Habitat Fragmentation in Urban Coastalscapes of Pelliciera spp. (Tetrameristaceae) in Northern South America

Blanco-Libreros

Ramírez-Ruiz

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Mangroves are fragmented habitats thriving in human-dominated coastalscapes worldwide. They provide refuge to threatened plant species, such as the Neotropical Piñuelo Mangrove (formerly the monotypic Pelliciera genus, recently split into two species: P. rhizophorae and P. benthamii). However, little is known about the relationship between urbanization and the spatial configuration of mangrove habitat and how it would drive ecological and evolutionary changes in the small populations of Pelliciera spp. We used open data (e.g., land cover, mangrove cover) for 107 locations of Pelliciera spp. in Colombia (extant populations) to assess coastalscape structure and urbanization. We described coastalscape composition dynamics (for 2000 and 2010) and mangrove habitat configuration along a human-domination gradient, using landscape metrics. We computed an urban index to compare urbanization intensity among the study areas along the Caribbean coast and compared coastalscape structure and mangrove spatial metrics between basins (Caribbean and Pacific). The proportion of artificial surfaces was greater in the Caribbean than in the Pacific, but no temporal difference was found. The Caribbean basin exhibited a greater Urban Index, particularly in Cartagena and Urabá. Mangrove fragmentation was also greater in the Caribbean and it was influenced by the degree of urbanization. Mangrove area and core area were smaller in the Caribbean than in the Pacific, while cohesion was significantly lower in Cartagena than in other urban areas of the Caribbean. We propose a conceptual eco-evolutionary framework for linking mangrove patch reduction and isolation to demographic variables of Pelliciera spp. Edge effects are expected to affect birth and mortality rates in small patches. Small patches and small effective populations are expected to be more sensitive to novel biotic interactions, extreme weather, and gradual climate change. Isolation will also influence both emigration and immigration rates of propagules. We propose: (1) Assessing the conservation status of the two species, (2) setting monitoring programs of their populations of Pelliciera spp. and their surrounding coastalscapes (particularly in the Caribbean, (3) declaring protected areas, in wild and urban settings, to reduce mangrove fragmentation and urbanization.

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Mangrove Biogeography of the Indo-Pacific

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia

Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia

Monitoring of Floristic Composition and Species Diversity an Initial Step Towards the Restoration of Mangrove Forest in Teluk Adang Nature Reserve, Indonesia

Threatened Mangroves in the Anthropocene: Habitat Fragmentation in Urban Coastalscapes of Pelliciera spp. (Tetrameristaceae) in Northern South America

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