Mango (Mangifera indica) seed kernels as untraditional source of energy in Rahmani sheep rations

Abstract

Background: The present work aimed to investigate the impact of partial replacement yellow corn by mango seed kernels (MSK) at different levels of (0, 25, and 50%) on feed and water consumption, water metabolism, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and rumen fluid parameters. Methods: Twelve mature male Rahmani sheep of about 58.39 ± 1.22 kg live body weight on average were used to investigate the influence of replacing yellow corn contents (45% in the control ration) by mango seed kernels (MSK) at different levels (0, 25, and 50%) that equal (0, 11.25, and 22.5% of total ration contents) on feed and water intakes, water metabolism, nutrient digestibility coefficients, nitrogen utilization, and some rumen fluid parameters. The animals were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (four animals in each treatment). Sheep fed rations are composed of 50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and 50% peanut vein hay (PVH) at portion 3% dry matter (DM) of live body weight (LBW). Results: The results showed that values of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of MSK and yellow corn were similar. Meanwhile, MSK has superior ether extract content compared to yellow corn; meanwhile, ash content of yellow corn was lower than ash content of MSK. All tested CFM were isonitrogenous (16.17% CP), but it differs in their contents of gross and digestible energy. On the other hand, all experimental total mixed rations (TMR) were isonitrogenous (14.52% CP) and isocaloric (4177 kcal/kg DM in average). Dietary treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased total dry matter intake (DMI) and crude protein intake (CPI) that expressed as (g/h/day, g/kgW 0.75 , and kg/100 kg LBW) or gross energy intake (GEI) and digestible energy intake (DEI) that expressed as (Mcal/h/day, kcal/kgW 0.75 , and Mcal/100 kg LBW). Inclusion MSK in sheep ration insignificantly (P > 0.05) increased drinking water by 20% and 6.89% for experimental groups fed TMR 2 and TMR 3 , respectively, compared to the control one (TMR 1). Incorporation MSK in the rations significantly (P < 0.05) increased insensible losses of water. Dietary treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased nutrient digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter (OM), CP, CF, and NFE. Meanwhile, it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased EE digestibility. On the other hand, both values of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) were significantly (P < 0.005) improved. Nitrogen retention (NR) (NR % of nitrogen intake (NI) and NR % of digested nitrogen (DN)) values were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing level of MSK in the sheep ration. Inclusion MSK significantly (P < 0.05) increased ruminal pH; however, it had no significant (P > 0.05) on both ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (TFVA) concentrations. Sampling time at 3 h post feeding significantly (P < 0.05) decreased ruminal pH in comparison with before and 6 h post feeding; meanwhile, sampling time had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on NH 3-N conc...

Effect of mango seeds as an untraditional source of energy on the productive performance of dairy Damascus goats

“…Similar to previous reports, the highest concentration of CF was for CFM3 (40% MS), while the lowest concentration was for CFM1 (0% MS), which may be due to the high CF in MS compared with corn gain ( 14 ). The present study also found that replacing corn with MS led to an increase in EE (2.94 to 3.30 g/100 g DM) and CF (11.17 to 13.59 g/100 g DM) in the tested feed mixtures, whereas the nitrogen-free extract content decreased from 60.63 to 58.04 g/100 g DM.…”

“…The OM, CP, EE, and ash contents were nearly similar for the different diets, whereas CF tended to increase and NFE decrease with increasing MS levels. In line with other research, MS was shown to have greater concentrations of growth energy and CF, because the kernel is usually a significant source of fat, starch, and protein ( 7 , 14 ). Similarly, it was reported that mango kernels included a higher percentage of fat, starch, and protein ( 34 , 35 ).…”

“…Ash, CF, and CP contents in the present study differed from the results found previously ( 30 ), where 4.73% ash, 3.98% CF, and 8.98% CP in boiled mango seeds kernel were reported. However, the ash content was 1.40% and 2.38% for yellow corn and MS, respectively ( 14 ). The chemical composition of MS in this study differed from that reported by numerous researchers, possibly because those authors used MSK.…”

“…The nutrient digestibility and consumption of sheep fed rice straw supplemented with mango kernel meal suggest that mango kernel meal can be used as an unusual feedstuff supplement during the lengthy dry season ( 13 ). Mango seeds kernel can also be used to replace up to half of the yellow corn in sheep rations without affecting feed intake, water metabolism, digestion coefficients, nitrogen balance, or ruminal fermentation ( 14 ). Replacement of corn grain with 30% MS in the diets of Damascus goat bucks showed positive effects on the productive performance and increased semen production ( 15 ).…”

Effect of Dietary Partial Replacement of Corn Grains by Mango Seeds on Productive and Reproductive Characterization of Damascus Goat Bucks at Prepubertal Stage

“…However, MSK can be used to replace up to 50% of yellow corn grains in the sheep rations without any adverse effect on their feed intake, digestion coefficients, and ruminal fermentation. Consequently, MSK which is not competing and nonconventional feedstuff for animals was found useful as an economic replacement for energy materials like yellow corn grains (Omer et al, 2019). Replacement of the corn grains (33%) by MSM was recommend by Silva et al (2016), because of the better fermentation of fiber carbohydrates and reduces feeding costs.…”