Mangifera indica (Mango): A Promising Medicinal Plant for Breast Cancer Therapy and Understanding Its Potential Mechanisms of Action

Abstract

Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer type and is one of the most significant causes of deaths in women. To date, multiple clinical interventions have been applied, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy. However, 1) the lack of therapeutic options for metastatic breast cancer, 2) resistance to drug therapy and 3) the lack of more selective therapy for triple-negative breast cancer are some of the major challenges in tackling breast cancer. Given the safe nature of natural products, numerous studies have focused on their anti-cancer potentials. Mangifera indica , commonly known as mango, represents one of the most extensively investigated natural sources. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of M. indica extracts (bark, kernel, leaves, peel and pulp) and phytochemicals (mangiferin, norathyriol, gallotannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, methyl gallate and quercetin) reported for in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activities and their underlying mechanisms based on relevant literature from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar till date. Overall, the in vitro findings suggest that M. indica extracts and/or phytochemicals inhibit breast cancer cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as trigger apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In vivo results demonstrated that there was a reduction in breast tumor xenograft growth. Several potential mechanisms underlying the anti-breast cancer activities have been reported, which include modulation of oxidative status, receptors, signalling pathways, miRNA expression, enzymes and cell cycle regulators. To further explore this medicinal plant against breast cancer, future research directions are addressed. The outcomes of the review revealed that M. indica extracts and their phytochemicals may have potential benefits in the management of breast cancer in women. However, to validate its utility in the creation of innovative and potent therapeutic agents to treat breast cancer, more dedicated research, especially clinical studies are needed to explore the anti-breast cancer potentials of M. indica extracts and their phytochemicals.

Changes in systolic blood pressure, postprandial glucose, and gut microbial composition following mango consumption in individuals with overweight and obesity

“…This study also has major strengths including the novelty of this work, robust statistical analyses, and the interventional design. Our research also provides further nutritional and physiological relevance to previous work focusing on bioactive extracts of mangos (Fomenko and Chi 2016;Imran et al 2017;Kim et al 2021;Mirza et al 2021;Yap et al 2021) for exerting a positive impact on cardiometabolic health, particularly with regards to glucose homeostasis and BP, and possibly linked to improved gut microbiota diversity and composition. Furthermore, much of the work that has been conducted thus far examining the impact of specific fruits on the gut microbiota has been done in rodent models (Pan et al 2017;Jiao et al 2019;Tu et al 2020), thus highlighting the novelty of our work.…”

“…For instance, these dietary phenolic compounds have been described to be potent modulators of several regulatory pathways for lipid and glucose metabolism as well as antioxidant and inflammatory processes (Scalbert et al 2005;Vauzour et al 2010;Rios-Hoyo et al 2014). Moreover, they have been touted as having strong anti-cancer potential, including anti-breast cancer (Mirza et al 2021;Yap et al 2021). There is also some evidence that mango polyphenols could impact gut microbial health (Kim et al 2021).…”

Development of a Mobile-Based Self-care Application for Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema in Iran

“…Breast cancer is the most common cancer and one of the most common leading causes of death in females [1][2][3][4][5][6] with increasing incidence and mortality across the world. 7,8 About one-eighth of women experience breast cancer during their lifetime.…”

Phytochemicals of Avocado Residues as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors, Antioxidants, and Neuroprotective Agents

“…In 2020, Mexico was the largest avocado producer, accounting for 2393 thousand tons per year, followed by the Dominican Republic, Peru, Colombia, Indonesia, and Brazil [ 6 ]. Since the inedible parts of avocado, mainly constituting peels and seeds, are discarded by the industry, restaurants, or at home, with the growth of avocado production, the amount of residues is also increasing, causing environmental problems [ 7 ]. These parts can reach up to 30% of the fruit.…”