Manganese(ii) enhanced fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots: a facile and efficient synthesis and their applications for bioimaging and detection of Hg2+ ions
Abstract:Manganese ion (Mn2+) bonded nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (Mn(ii)-NGQDs) with water solubility have been successfully synthesized by a simple, one-pot hydrothermal carbonization, using sodium citrate, glycine and manganese chloride as raw materials.
“…The developed sensor can detect Hg 2+ up to 3.5 µM with a detection limit of 0.34 nM. They stated that the fluorescence quenching of Mn(II)-NGQDs was due to the static quenching process by Hg 2+ [61].…”
Section: Incorporation Of Graphene Quantum Dots With Optical Sensomentioning
About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Human beings, animals, and plants need water in order to survive. Therefore, it is one of the most important substances that exist on Earth. However, most of the water resources nowadays are insufficiently clean, since they are contaminated with toxic metal ions due to the improper disposal of pollutants into water through industrial and agricultural activities. These toxic metal ions need to be detected as fast as possible so that the situation will not become more critical and cause more harm in the future. Since then, numerous sensing methods have been proposed, including chemical and optical sensors that aim to detect these toxic metal ions. All of the researchers compete with each other to build sensors with the lowest limit of detection and high sensitivity and selectivity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a highly potential sensing material to incorporate with the developed sensors due to the advantages of GQDs. Several recent studies showed that GQDs, functionalized GQDs, and their composites were able to enhance the optical detection of metal ions. The aim of this paper is to review the existing, latest, and updated studies on optical sensing applications of GQDs-based materials toward toxic metal ions and future developments of an excellent GQDs-based SPR sensor as an alternative toxic metal ion sensor.
“…The developed sensor can detect Hg 2+ up to 3.5 µM with a detection limit of 0.34 nM. They stated that the fluorescence quenching of Mn(II)-NGQDs was due to the static quenching process by Hg 2+ [61].…”
Section: Incorporation Of Graphene Quantum Dots With Optical Sensomentioning
About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Human beings, animals, and plants need water in order to survive. Therefore, it is one of the most important substances that exist on Earth. However, most of the water resources nowadays are insufficiently clean, since they are contaminated with toxic metal ions due to the improper disposal of pollutants into water through industrial and agricultural activities. These toxic metal ions need to be detected as fast as possible so that the situation will not become more critical and cause more harm in the future. Since then, numerous sensing methods have been proposed, including chemical and optical sensors that aim to detect these toxic metal ions. All of the researchers compete with each other to build sensors with the lowest limit of detection and high sensitivity and selectivity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a highly potential sensing material to incorporate with the developed sensors due to the advantages of GQDs. Several recent studies showed that GQDs, functionalized GQDs, and their composites were able to enhance the optical detection of metal ions. The aim of this paper is to review the existing, latest, and updated studies on optical sensing applications of GQDs-based materials toward toxic metal ions and future developments of an excellent GQDs-based SPR sensor as an alternative toxic metal ion sensor.
“…Compared with common carbon dots [ 29 ], GQDs has drawn more and more attention these years, owing to its extraordinary properties and functions, including low toxicity [ 30 ], high fluorescence activity [ 31 ], high solubility [ 32 ], unique biocompatibility [ 33 ], and long-term resistance to photo-bleaching as well as the feasibility of functionalization at their edges [ 22 , 34 ]. Therefore, many experimental works, including Pb [ 35 ], Cu [ 36 ], Hg [ 37 ], Mn [ 38 ], Ag [ 39 ], Ce [ 40 ], DHB [ 41 ], glucose [ 42 ], and telomere DNA [ 43 ] detection are based on its ultrahigh sensitivity and unique electronic and chemical properties.…”
In this paper, a simple and specific graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-based fluorescent biosensor adopted for the determination of glucose based on the combination of the enzyme-coupled method and fluorescence quenching mechanism is demonstrated. Glucose was oxidized by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the catalysis by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). H2O2 was then employed to oxidize phenol to quinone, which led to effective quenching effect in the GQDs–GOx–HRP–phenol system. By optimizing the reaction conditions of the GQDs-enzyme system, a linear relationship between the concentration of glucose and the fluorescence intensity over a range of 0.2–10 μmol/L was obtained. The limit of detection for glucose is 0.08 μmol/L. The present biosensor for the determination of glucose showed satisfactory reproducibility and accuracy in human serum samples. Since the enzymes have high specificity and unique affinity to the certain substance, the enzyme-coupled system promises a sensitive way for further detection of those chemicals which could be oxidized by enzymes and generated H2O2 or glucose. GQDs and other fluorescent materials coupled with several enzymes can be applied to extensive sensing field.
“…The as‐prepared GQDs showed a high yield of about 85% along with a higher quantum yield of 70%. Manganese ion (Mn 2+ ) bonded nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (Mn(II)‐NGQDs) were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of glycine and sodium citrate . The as‐prepared Mn(II)‐NGQDs exhibited advantages of low toxicity, superior brightness and high photostability for fluorescence live cell.…”
Section: Synthesis and Tuning Strategies Of Gqdsmentioning
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.
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