Manganese, Molybdenum, Boron, Chromium, and Other Trace Elements

Nielsen, Forrest H.

doi:10.1002/9781119946045.ch38

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Mn supplementation [94]. We have not found any studies reporting that supplementation with specifically Mn without simultaneous supplementation of other minerals to be beneficial for humans consuming ordinary diets.…”

Section: Manganese Deficiency Is Highly Unlikely With Either Exclusivmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Estimating daily intakes of manganese due to breast milk, infant formulas, or young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to sufficiency and toxicity thresholds

Mitchell¹,

Frisbie

Roudeau

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Laboratories provided no input in choosing the subject matter of this project, the hypotheses that were tested, the method of analysis, the research findings, the decision to publish, or the manner of disseminating the results. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Highlights1. Mn deficiency is unlikely with exclusive breast milk or infant formula feeding.2. Breast milk Mn mean intake is 1.2 µg/kg/day (3 weeks)-0.16 µg/kg/day (18 months).3. Formula Mn intake range is 130 µg/kg/day (3 weeks)-4.8 µg/kg/day (18 months). 4. Formula products reconstituted with 250 µg Mn/L water may exceed 140 µg Mn/kg/day. 5. Formula products may surpass regulatory tolerable daily intake levels for Mn. Abstract BackgroundAlthough manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, recent research has revealed that excess Mn in early childhood may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment. MethodsWe estimated daily total Mn intake due to breast milk at average body weights by reviewing reported concentrations of breast milk Mn and measurements of body weight and breast milk intake at 3 weeks, 4.25 months, 7 months, and 18 months. We compared these figures to the Mn content measured in 44 infant, follow-up, and toddler formulas purchased in the United States and France. We calculated Mn content of formula products made with ultra-trace elemental analysis grade water (0 µg Mn/L) and with water containing 250 µg Mn/L, a concentration which is relatively high but less than the World Health Organization Health-based value of 400 µg Mn/L or the United States Environmental Protection Agency Health Advisory of 350 µg Mn/L. ResultsEstimated mean daily Mn intake from breast milk ranged from 1.2 µg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 0.16 µg Mn/kg/day (18 months), with the highest intakes at the youngest age stage we considered, 3 weeks. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with 0 µg Mn/L water ranged from 130 µg Mn/kg/day (3 weeks) to 4.8 µg Mn/kg/day (18 months) with the highest intakes at 3 weeks. Formula products provided 28 to 520 times greater than the mean daily intake of Mn from breast milk for the 4 age stages that we considered. Estimated daily Mn intake from formula products reconstituted with water containing 250 µg Mn/L ranged from 12 µg Mn/kg/day to 170 µg Mn/kg/day, which exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose of 140 µg Mn/kg/day for adults. ConclusionsMn deficiency is highly unlikely with exclusive breast milk or infant formula feeding, but established tolerable daily intake levels for Mn may be surpassed by some of these products when following labeled instructions.

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Section: Manganese Deficiency Is Highly Unlikely With Either Exclusivmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Manganese is required for numerous essential enzymes, including the antioxidant metalloenzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) [94]. Manganese is provided in ordinary diets by leafy greens, nuts, grains, and animal products [90,91].…”

Section: Essentiality Of Mn Absorption and Excretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating daily intakes of manganese due to breast milk, infant formulas, or young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to sufficiency and toxicity thresholds

Mitchell¹,

Frisbie

Roudeau

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Borax and tourmaline are two typical B minerals, the first easily soluble, the latter almost insoluble. Fresh water in lakes and rivers hase a range from b10 μg B/L to 1500 μg B/L, with most lower than 300 μg B/L (Nielsen, 2001). For the general population, the greatest exposure to boron comes from food (e.g.…”

Section: Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major and trace elements in tap water from Italy

Dinelli

Lima

Albanese

et al. 2012

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…On the basis of extrapolations from animal data, weak balance data from humans, and the usual amount of silicon excreted daily by humans, it has been suggested that an adequate intake to achieve the beneficial effects of silicon might be between 10 to 25 mg/d [39]. Based on the findings from 1251 men and 1596 pre-and postmenopausal women in the Framingham Offspring Cohort, the beneficial intake most likely is near the 25 mg/d intake or slightly higher.…”

Section: Beneficial Intakes Of Siliconmentioning

confidence: 98%