Manganese-based hollow nanoplatforms for MR imaging-guided cancer therapies

Abstract

Theranostic nanoplatforms integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions have received considerable attention in the past decade. Among them, hollow manganese (Mn)-based nanoplatforms are superior since they combine the advantages of hollow structures and the intrinsic theranostic features of Mn2+. Specifically, the hollow cavity can encapsulate a variety of small-molecule drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, photosensitizers and photothermal agents, for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), respectively. After degradation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the released Mn2+ is able to act simultaneously as a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent (CA) and as a Fenton-like agent for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). More importantly, synergistic treatment outcomes can be realized by reasonable and optimized design of the hollow nanosystems. This review summarizes various Mn-based hollow nanoplatforms, including hollow MnxOy, hollow matrix-supported MnxOy, hollow Mn-doped nanoparticles, hollow Mn complex-based nanoparticles, hollow Mn-cobalt (Co)-based nanoparticles, and hollow Mn-iron (Fe)-based nanoparticles, for MR imaging-guided cancer therapies. Finally, we discuss the potential obstacles and perspectives of these hollow Mn-based nanotheranostics for translational applications. Graphical Abstract Mn-based hollow nanoplatforms such as hollow MnxOy nanoparticles, hollow matrix-supported MnxOy nanoparticles, Mn-doped hollow nanoparticles, Mn complex-based hollow nanoparticles, hollow Mn-Co-based nanoparticles and hollow Mn-Fe-based nanoparticles show great promise in cancer theranostics.

Biodegradable manganese-doped hydroxyapatite antitumor adjuvant as a promising photo-therapeutic for cancer treatment

“…PDT can cause tumor cells to die by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are created when photosensitizer (PS), light, and oxygen combine. Mn 2+ may be transformed into Mn(OH) 2 in the presence of H 2 O 2 in a neutral environment, and the unstable Mn(OH) 2 could subsequently be oxidized by H 2 O 2 to produce MnO 2 , according to previous Mn 2+ studies ( Fu et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2022 ). The catalytic breakdown of H 2 O 2 to produce oxygen and simultaneously reduce to Mn 2+ can be strongly induced by the created MnO 2 ( Figure 3C ).…”

A biomimetic nanoplatform for customized photothermal therapy of HNSCC evaluated on patient-derived xenograft models

“…8 Until now, many PTT studies of oncotherapy based on various photothermal agents (PTAs) have been reported. [9][10][11] Among these PTAs, gold (Au)-based nanomaterials play a critical role because of their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property. [12][13][14][15][16][17] A clinical study also reported that Au nanomaterial-mediated focal laser ablation was successful for 94% (15/16) of prostate cancer patients without serious complications or deleterious changes in genitourinary function.…”

Albumin-binding photosensitizer capable of targeting glioma via the SPARC pathway

“…Generally, nanotheranostic systems containing speci c targeting peptides, aptamers, or other ligands have been used as an effective approach for cancer treatment [18][19][20]. Non-invasive all-in-one theranostic nanoparticles that can accurately deliver an appropriate therapeutic agent to a target for effective local control of tumors are emerging as a new strategy for targeted tumor treatment, including glioma treatment [21,22].…”