Manganese-54 Concentration in Fall-out, Water, and Unio Mussels of Lake Maggiore, 1960–63

Biomonitoring of Trace Aquatic Contaminants

“…see Watson et al, 1961;Folsom et al, 1963;Gaglione and Ravera, 1964;Osterberg et al, 1964). These early studies included work on the discharge of nuclides such as 6SZn from the Hanford reactors to the Columbia River in Washington, DC; monitoring along the coast of California; and investigations of fallout radionuclides in Lake Maggiore in Italy (e.g.…”

Monitoring of the aquatic environment by species accumulator of pollutants: a review

“…Concentration of 54 Mn in fall-out, lake water and soft tissues of Unio mancus. The values of the fall-out, corrected for radioactive decay, are cumulative (Gaglione & Ravera 1964). may be measured.…”

“…4). To check this, 54 Mn was measured in Unio, in fall-out and in lake water from 1960 to 1963 when the activity of this gamma-emitter in the fall-out increased (Gaglione & Ravera 1964).…”

Seasonal variations in population dynamics and biomass of two Unio pictorum mancus (Mollusca, Unionidae) populations from two lakes of different trophic state

“…Studies on freshwater bivalves have been increasing steadily since the 1960s, when they began to be used as indicators of radioactive and stable pollutants in the environment (Gaglione & Ravera 1964;Bedford et al 1968;Manly & George 1977;Millington & Walker 1983;Storey & Edward 1989). In addition, various environmental warning systems using valve movement of some freshwater mussels have been adopted (England & Heino 1994;Ham & Peterson 1994;Borcherding 2006).…”