MANET Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols

Abstract

A group of wireless nodes forms a configuration that is linked to a remote medium forming dynamic topology. A routing protocol enables packets to travel from the sender to the destination via intermediate nodes. When a device or intermediate node delivers information to other nodes in an Ad hoc network, the node consumes some energy, and data transmission may be interrupted as all of the power is consumed. MANET is often power-driven devices, the difficult component in MANET is to lower the power consumption of energy by the intermediate devices in the network so that the network remains active at the time of data transmission. The characteristics, uses, and problems of MANET are described in this research. In addition, we look at the MANET routing protocols. The performance of alternative routing protocols, such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, and DSR, is then compared using performance measures. The NS2.35 simulator is used to conduct the performance assessment.

Crossover Boosted Grey Wolf Optimizer‐based framework for leader election and resource allocation in Intrusion Detection Systems for MANETs

“…Parameter initialization Initialize alpha, beta, and delta positions while (I < I max ) Evaluate fitness function using Equation (5) for (i = 1 ∶ N) Update wolf's position using Equation (11) Update 𝜈 using Equation ( 10) Evaluate C and V by applying Equations ( 9) and ( 7) respectively Update V 𝛼 , V 𝛽 and V 𝛿 using Equation ( 13) end for for (i = 1 ∶ N∕2)…”

“…3,4 However, their unique characteristics, such as dynamic topologies and limited resources, pose significant challenges to ensuring robust communication and security. 5 In the background of MANETs, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provides security in network integrity against malicious activities. Unlike traditional wired networks, MANETs lack a fixed perimeter defense due to their dynamic nature.…”

“…MANETs find applications in disaster response, military operations, and IoT deployments, where nodes collaborate to exchange information and perform tasks efficiently 3,4 . However, their unique characteristics, such as dynamic topologies and limited resources, pose significant challenges to ensuring robust communication and security 5 …”

MANET performance evaluation for DSDV, DSR and ZRP

“…As a consequence, the network's topology may change abruptly and without prior notice. To put this in context, MANET may alternatively be described as a group of mobile nodes attached to a distant source that later creates a dynamic topology [2]. In addition to being a router for data sent to and received from the other mobile nodes, each node in the network has the ability to act as a sender, receiver, or intermediary node.…”