Mandibular Segmental Defect Regenerated With Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate, Collagen Membrane, and Bone Marrow Graft in Dogs

Abstract

This model succeeded in regenerating a large segmental defect in the mandible. An investigation with a postimplantation radiation delivery schedule is required with the use of this model, which should be considered as a preclinical study for a bone tissue engineering approach in patients with cancer-related bone defects.

In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair

“…In the control group (G1), there was little bone formation at the borders of the defect, with the largest part of the defect being filled predominantly with connective tissue (Figure 5). These results are similar to that obtained by Jégoux et al (2010) [75], who studied the healing of mandibular defects in dogs. After 24 weeks, the authors noted the absence of spontaneous healing in the control group, with bone formation occurring only at the borders of the defect.…”

“…Among the groups studied, G2 exhibited the greatest bone formation at the periphery and in the center of the defect, suggesting that MSCs exert an osteogenic effect which, however, is not sufficient to promote complete regeneration within the period of 6 weeks after surgery standardized in this study. Jégoux et al (2010) [75] used bone marrow grafts in the center of the implants placed in mandibular defects of segmental mandibulectomy in dogs and observed new bone formation after 16 weeks, supporting the theory that bone marrow cells induce MSCs to migrate within the bone defect and differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage. The same was observed by de Oliveira e Silva et al (2012) [19], who evaluated the healing of critical-sized bone defects on rabbits' skull by using a mix of mineralized xenograft and autologous bone marrow.…”

In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair

“…In the control group (G1), there was little bone formation at the borders of the defect, with the largest part of the defect being filled predominantly with connective tissue (Figure 5). These results are similar to that obtained by Jégoux et al (2010) [75], who studied the healing of mandibular defects in dogs. After 24 weeks, the authors noted the absence of spontaneous healing in the control group, with bone formation occurring only at the borders of the defect.…”

“…Among the groups studied, G2 exhibited the greatest bone formation at the periphery and in the center of the defect, suggesting that MSCs exert an osteogenic effect which, however, is not sufficient to promote complete regeneration within the period of 6 weeks after surgery standardized in this study. Jégoux et al (2010) [75] used bone marrow grafts in the center of the implants placed in mandibular defects of segmental mandibulectomy in dogs and observed new bone formation after 16 weeks, supporting the theory that bone marrow cells induce MSCs to migrate within the bone defect and differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage. The same was observed by de Oliveira e Silva et al (2012) [19], who evaluated the healing of critical-sized bone defects on rabbits' skull by using a mix of mineralized xenograft and autologous bone marrow.…”

Guided Bone Regeneration in Long-Bone Defects with a Structural Hydroxyapatite Graft and Collagen Membrane

“…The periosteum forms a major source of osteogenic cells in the healing of segmental bone defects, and the collagen membrane guide has been suggested to be effective primarily, since it acts as a scaffold to maintain periosteal continuity. 14 Similar to previous reports, 14,20 we observed periosteal callus-like tissue formation and successive ossification around the collagenous wrap. This was observed from the micro-CT analysis as a significant early increase in callus bone volume in the wrap group compared to the scaffold-alone group at 4 weeks, which was sustained at 8 weeks.…”

Effects of Local Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Biological Performance of the Composite Biomaterial Used to Accelerate Bridging of Critical-Sized Mandibular Bone Defect in Rabbit Model

“…In the case of large bone defects such as in our model, osteoconductive properties are unable to attain bone colonization, and the peripheral osteogenic cells are not likely to be recruited in the center of such a large defect, leading to insufficient ceramic resorption and bone substitution which is clearly seen in group B and C using BCP/FS composite only. The findings confirm Jé goux's work [20]. Statistically, no significant difference in the quantity of bone formation appears between control group B and the experimental group C meaning that the VEGF effect is localized.…”

“…On the other hand, the resorption of BCP/FS composite was little and slow in the groups B and C. This suggests that there is a relationship between the degree of composite resorption and the physiological function of VEGF which shows clearly more abundant blood circulation in the bone defect of group D. For successful CSBDs wound healing, VEGF must be maintained for a period of time more than 6 weeks, because test of biomaterial used in bone defect healing needs 6 to 8 weeks post operatively [19]. Our finding showed that the highest amount of new bone formation was obtained in group D compared to other groups with a 17:83 HA to β-TCP ratio of BCP at 6 and 8 weeks, suggesting the potential of using faster resorbable ceramics in bone tissue engineering and the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphates is based on their osteoconductive properties [20]. The total porosity of BCP granules used in this study was approximately 79%.…”

In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair

“…In the control group (G1), there was little bone formation at the borders of the defect, with the largest part of the defect being filled predominantly with connective tissue (Figure 5). These results are similar to that obtained by Jégoux et al (2010) [75], who studied the healing of mandibular defects in dogs. After 24 weeks, the authors noted the absence of spontaneous healing in the control group, with bone formation occurring only at the borders of the defect.…”

“…Among the groups studied, G2 exhibited the greatest bone formation at the periphery and in the center of the defect, suggesting that MSCs exert an osteogenic effect which, however, is not sufficient to promote complete regeneration within the period of 6 weeks after surgery standardized in this study. Jégoux et al (2010) [75] used bone marrow grafts in the center of the implants placed in mandibular defects of segmental mandibulectomy in dogs and observed new bone formation after 16 weeks, supporting the theory that bone marrow cells induce MSCs to migrate within the bone defect and differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage. The same was observed by de Oliveira e Silva et al (2012) [19], who evaluated the healing of critical-sized bone defects on rabbits' skull by using a mix of mineralized xenograft and autologous bone marrow.…”

Guided Bone Regeneration in Long-Bone Defects with a Structural Hydroxyapatite Graft and Collagen Membrane

“…The periosteum forms a major source of osteogenic cells in the healing of segmental bone defects, and the collagen membrane guide has been suggested to be effective primarily, since it acts as a scaffold to maintain periosteal continuity. 14 Similar to previous reports, 14,20 we observed periosteal callus-like tissue formation and successive ossification around the collagenous wrap. This was observed from the micro-CT analysis as a significant early increase in callus bone volume in the wrap group compared to the scaffold-alone group at 4 weeks, which was sustained at 8 weeks.…”

Effects of Local Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Biological Performance of the Composite Biomaterial Used to Accelerate Bridging of Critical-Sized Mandibular Bone Defect in Rabbit Model

“…In the case of large bone defects such as in our model, osteoconductive properties are unable to attain bone colonization, and the peripheral osteogenic cells are not likely to be recruited in the center of such a large defect, leading to insufficient ceramic resorption and bone substitution which is clearly seen in group B and C using BCP/FS composite only. The findings confirm Jé goux's work [20]. Statistically, no significant difference in the quantity of bone formation appears between control group B and the experimental group C meaning that the VEGF effect is localized.…”

“…On the other hand, the resorption of BCP/FS composite was little and slow in the groups B and C. This suggests that there is a relationship between the degree of composite resorption and the physiological function of VEGF which shows clearly more abundant blood circulation in the bone defect of group D. For successful CSBDs wound healing, VEGF must be maintained for a period of time more than 6 weeks, because test of biomaterial used in bone defect healing needs 6 to 8 weeks post operatively [19]. Our finding showed that the highest amount of new bone formation was obtained in group D compared to other groups with a 17:83 HA to β-TCP ratio of BCP at 6 and 8 weeks, suggesting the potential of using faster resorbable ceramics in bone tissue engineering and the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphates is based on their osteoconductive properties [20]. The total porosity of BCP granules used in this study was approximately 79%.…”

In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair

“…In the control group (G1), there was little bone formation at the borders of the defect, with the largest part of the defect being filled predominantly with connective tissue (Figure 5). These results are similar to that obtained by Jégoux et al (2010) [75], who studied the healing of mandibular defects in dogs. After 24 weeks, the authors noted the absence of spontaneous healing in the control group, with bone formation occurring only at the borders of the defect.…”

“…Among the groups studied, G2 exhibited the greatest bone formation at the periphery and in the center of the defect, suggesting that MSCs exert an osteogenic effect which, however, is not sufficient to promote complete regeneration within the period of 6 weeks after surgery standardized in this study. Jégoux et al (2010) [75] used bone marrow grafts in the center of the implants placed in mandibular defects of segmental mandibulectomy in dogs and observed new bone formation after 16 weeks, supporting the theory that bone marrow cells induce MSCs to migrate within the bone defect and differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage. The same was observed by de Oliveira e Silva et al (2012) [19], who evaluated the healing of critical-sized bone defects on rabbits' skull by using a mix of mineralized xenograft and autologous bone marrow.…”

Guided Bone Regeneration in Long-Bone Defects with a Structural Hydroxyapatite Graft and Collagen Membrane

“…The periosteum forms a major source of osteogenic cells in the healing of segmental bone defects, and the collagen membrane guide has been suggested to be effective primarily, since it acts as a scaffold to maintain periosteal continuity. 14 Similar to previous reports, 14,20 we observed periosteal callus-like tissue formation and successive ossification around the collagenous wrap. This was observed from the micro-CT analysis as a significant early increase in callus bone volume in the wrap group compared to the scaffold-alone group at 4 weeks, which was sustained at 8 weeks.…”

Effects of Local Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Biological Performance of the Composite Biomaterial Used to Accelerate Bridging of Critical-Sized Mandibular Bone Defect in Rabbit Model

“…In the case of large bone defects such as in our model, osteoconductive properties are unable to attain bone colonization, and the peripheral osteogenic cells are not likely to be recruited in the center of such a large defect, leading to insufficient ceramic resorption and bone substitution which is clearly seen in group B and C using BCP/FS composite only. The findings confirm Jé goux's work [20]. Statistically, no significant difference in the quantity of bone formation appears between control group B and the experimental group C meaning that the VEGF effect is localized.…”

“…On the other hand, the resorption of BCP/FS composite was little and slow in the groups B and C. This suggests that there is a relationship between the degree of composite resorption and the physiological function of VEGF which shows clearly more abundant blood circulation in the bone defect of group D. For successful CSBDs wound healing, VEGF must be maintained for a period of time more than 6 weeks, because test of biomaterial used in bone defect healing needs 6 to 8 weeks post operatively [19]. Our finding showed that the highest amount of new bone formation was obtained in group D compared to other groups with a 17:83 HA to β-TCP ratio of BCP at 6 and 8 weeks, suggesting the potential of using faster resorbable ceramics in bone tissue engineering and the osteogenic potential of calcium phosphates is based on their osteoconductive properties [20]. The total porosity of BCP granules used in this study was approximately 79%.…”