Mandibular prognathism

Jacobson, Alex; Evans, WG; Preston, C. B.; Sadowsky, P.L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(74)90233-4

Cited by 210 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, although Class III malocclusion can be defined in different ways-for example, on the basis of cephalometric analysis (e.g., Enlow et al, 1969), Class III incisor relationship (Battagel, 1994), or Class III molar relationship (Guyer et al, 1986)-only the latter definition was adopted in this particular study. Indeed, functional contributions often are an important complicating factor in Class III malocclusion, and such heterogeneity may account for some of the difficulties encountered in the investigation of Class III malocclusion (Jacobson et al, 1974). Nevertheless, a random nature of selection is a fundamentally important assumption in the analysis of variance (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981), and we complied with this principle despite the limited size of our cross-sectional sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…This group of malocclusions is characterized generally by several developmental and craniofacial features, including an acute mandibular plane angle, obtuse gonial angle, and an overdeveloped mandible/underdeveloped maxilla (Jacobson et al, 1974;Ellis and McNamara, 1984;Sato, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maxillary retrognathia, without mandibular prognathism, has been reported to occur in between 20 and 30% of adult patients with Class III malocclusions (Sanborn, 1955;Dietrich, 1970;Jacobson et al, 1974;Ellis and McNamara, 1984). The cranial base is a likely anatomical candidate to be involved in Class III malocclusions, since it forms the central core of the cranium, providing a major support structure on which the midface develops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion

1997

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Abstract. The significance of the cranial base in the development of Class III malocclusion remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the form of the cranial base differs between prepubertal Class I and Class III subjects. Lateral cephalographs of 73 children of European-American descent aged between 5 and 11 years with Class III malocclusion were compared with those of their counterparts with a normal, Class I molar occlusion. The cephalographs were traced, checked, and subdivided into seven age-and sex-matched groups. Average geometries, scaled to an equivalent size, were generated based on 13 craniofacial landmarks by means of Procrustes analysis, and these configurations were statistically tested for equivalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses utilizing 5 linear and angular measurements were undertaken to corroborate the Procrustes analysis. Graphical analysis, utilizing thin-plate spline and finite element methods, was performed for localization of differences in cranial base morphology. Results indicated that cranial base morphology differed statistically for all age-wise comparisons. Graphical analysis revealed that the greatest differences in morphology occurred in the posterior cranial base region, which generally consisted of horizontal compression, vertical expansion, and size contraction. The sphenoidal region displayed expansion, while the anterior regions showed shearing and local increases in size. It is concluded that the shape of the cranial base differs in subjects with Class III malocclusion compared with the normal Class I configuration, due in part to deficient orthocephalization, or failure of the cranial base to flatten during development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion

1997

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“…Since Class III (CIII) patients have various skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy and vertical types (APD/ VTs), [1][2][3][4][5] the upper and lower incisors demonstrate a diverse dentoalveolar compensation in order to maintain their occlusal function and to mask the underlying skeletal APD/VT. 2,[6][7][8][9] The surgical-orthodontic approaches to skeletal CIII patients include preoperative orthodontic treatment to decompensate the malocclusion, followed by surgical correction of the skeletal discrepancy, and postoperative compensation for detailing of the occlusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy and vertical type effects on lower incisor preoperative decompensation and postoperative compensation in skeletal Class III patients

Ahn¹,

Baek²

2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine the initial compensation, preoperative decompensation, and postoperative compensation of the lower incisors according to the skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy and vertical type in skeletal Class III patients. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 68 skeletal Class III patients treated with twojaw surgery and orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms were taken before preoperative orthodontic treatment (T0) and before surgery (T1) and after debonding (T2). According to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type (ANB, criteria 5 24u; SN-GoMe, criteria 5 35u) at the T0 stage, the samples were allocated into group 1 (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hypodivergent vertical type, N 5 17), group 2 (moderate anteroposterior discrepancy/hypodivergent vertical type, N 5 17), group 3 (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdivergent vertical type, N 5 17), or group 4 (moderate anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdivergent vertical type, N 5 17). After measurement of variables, one-way analysis of variance with Duncan's multiple comparison test, crosstab analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. Results: At T0, groups 3 and 2 exhibited the most and least compensated lower incisors. In group 2, good preoperative decompensation and considerable postoperative compensation resulted in different values for T0, T1, and T2 (IMPA, T0 , T2 , T1; P , .001). However, group 3 did not show significant changes in IMPA between stages. Therefore, groups 2 and 3 showed different decompensation achievement ratios (P , .05). Group 3 exhibited the worst ratios of decompensation and stability (24% and 6%, respectively, P , .001). Anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type (ANB: P , .01 at T0 and T1, P , .001 at T2; SN-GoMe: P , .01, all stages) were strongly correlated with relative percentage ratio of IMPA to norm value. Conclusions: Skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type results in differences in the amount and pattern of initial compensation, preoperative decompensation, and postoperative compensation of lower incisors in Class III patients. (Angle Orthod. 2011;81:64-74.)

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“…The contributions of the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, and temporomandibular articulation have been described in detail in the literature. [10][11][12][13] Class III malocclusions associated with craniofacial disharmonies are much more difficult to treat and tend to relapse. [14][15][16] Early treatment of Class III malocclusion has been advocated to reduce the need of treatment in the permanent dentition, when camouflage orthodontic treatment or surgery become the only options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopedic Treatment Outcomes in Class III Malocclusion

Toffol

Pavoni

Baccetti

et al. 2008

The Angle Orthodontist

129

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Objective: To assess the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of early orthopedic treatment in Class III subjects. Materials and Methods: A literature survey was performed by applying the Medline database (Entrez PubMed). The survey covered the period from January 1966 to December 2005 and used the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The following study types that reported data on the effects of Class III treatment with orthopedic appliances (facial mask, chincup, FR-3) on intermaxillary sagittal and vertical relationships were included: randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and prospective and retrospective longitudinal controlled clinical trials (CCTs) with untreated Class III controls. Results:The search strategy resulted in 536 articles. After selection according to criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 19 articles qualified for the final review analysis. One RCT and 18 CCTs were retrieved. Conclusion:The quality standard of the retrieved investigations ranged from low (four studies) to medium/high (five studies). Data derived from medium/high quality research described over 75% of success of orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusion (RME and facial mask therapy) at a follow-up observation 5 years after the end of orthopedic treatment.

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Mandibular prognathism

Cited by 210 publications

References 15 publications

Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion

Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion

Skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy and vertical type effects on lower incisor preoperative decompensation and postoperative compensation in skeletal Class III patients

Orthopedic Treatment Outcomes in Class III Malocclusion

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