Mandibular lateral shift induces the increased expression of TGF-β, VEGF, and Col-II in the condyle of rat temporomandibular joints

Pressure and inflammatory stimulation induced increase of cadherin-11 is mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway in synovial fibroblasts from temporomandibular joint

“…In the present study, we have found the increased mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-D and FGF-2, suggesting prompted angiogenesis in SFs with HP in vitro. Our previous study also showed that expression of VEGF and other related proteins were up-regulated in rat TMJ with mandibular lateral shift 41 , which indicated mechanical loadings could activate angiogenesis in vivo. Our finding was similar to previous report in which evaluated VEGF was induced in chondrocytes in bovine cartilage disks by mechanical overload 42 .…”

Effects of bisphosphonates on mandibular condyle of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats using micro‐ct and histomorphometric analysis

“…The growth and remodeling of condyle cartilage play an important role in the development of the mandible and occlusal balance . It is influenced by genetic changes, endocrine factors, paracrine mediators, and mechanical stress . Previous studies have shown that estrogen receptor (ER) is expressed in the chondroclastic and hypertrophic layers in condylar cartilage which makes condyle sensitive to changes in estrogen levels after birth or during adolescence .…”

Effects of Twin Inclined Plane Device on Adaptation and Ultrastructure Variations in Condyle of Growing Rats

“…VEGF is an important mediator of neovascularization in growing rats, and its expression is upregulated with the period of mechanical stresses [15, 16]. In a previous study, Wu et al reported that the compressive force applied to the TMJ enhanced the expression of VEGF, activating the angiogenesis [4]. Similarly, a chondrocyte culture model revealed that VEGF is significantly upregulated by hydrostatic pressure [17].…”