Mandibular condylar remodeling characteristics after simultaneous condylectomy and orthognathic surgery

What Features on Routine Panoramic Radiographs Could Help Orthodontists to Estimate the Occurrence of Condylar Hyperplasia from Other Mandibular Asymmetries—Retrospective Analysis Study

“…If radiological features of asymmetry are troublesome in full evaluation, a SPECT-CT evaluation of pathological bone growth is sensitive enough (86%) to confirm the diagnosis, which correlates with the study of Nolte et al and others [11,13,14]. SPECT-CT could have also a great amount of false positive results, which should be taken into consideration, and the study itself should be repeated in time [8,13,15]. When pathological growth is present, a condylectomy procedure is scheduled.…”

“…If growth is still present, then SPECT-CT evaluation might result in the necessity of a surgical intervention, namely one of the types of condylectomy, to remove the pathological growth within the joint. If radiological features of asymmetry are troublesome in full evaluation, a SPECT-CT evaluation of pathological bone growth is sensitive enough (86%) to confirm the diagnosis, which correlates with the study of Nolte et al and others [11,13,14]. SPECT-CT could have also a great amount of false positive results, which should be taken into consideration, and the study itself should be repeated in time [8,13,15].…”

“…Some forms of asymmetry might also manifest in facial soft tissues, the overall axial skeletal lack of balance, or even might cause some changes in the detailed facial bone architecture (eye socket or zygomatic bone underdevelopment, or others). It seems that radiographs and 2D evaluation can underline some major key characteristics of condylar hyperplasia [1,13,14,21]. When some atypical features or non-mandible-related factors occur on a routine panoramic radiograph, further radiological and clinical investigation is necessary.…”

“…Alyamani and Abuzinada described 18 cases, where 15 were females [4]. On the other hand, other authors also indicate slight female predominance [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Etiological factors remain unknown, but many are taken into consideration, especially endocrinal and trauma followed by other factors such as genetic, hereditary, or perhaps even iatrogenic once in the close proximity of the joint [5][6][7][8].…”

“…When pathological growth is present, a condylectomy procedure is scheduled. Its scope and involvement in TMJ muscles, disc, or other structures depend on many factors, especially surgeons' preferences and the individuality of each case [3][4][5]13,16].…”