Manchester English

Baranowski, Maciej; Turton, Danielle

doi:10.1075/veaw.g55.13bar

Cited by 30 publications

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“…It is clearly not a feature of a particular variable only or found only in a particular direction, because, for example, the fronting of GOOSE before /l/ is led by the lowest class, with each higher class showing proportionately less fronting (Figure 16), whereas the fronting of GOAT is lowest in the working class and increases with each step up on the socioeconomic scale (Figure 23). The same fine-grained layering of social class effects has been found for other variables in Manchester, such as, the NORTH-FORCE merger (Baranowski, 2015) and t-glottalling (Baranowski & Turton, 2015). This social class pattern, which is found repeatedly and cannot be accidental, is consistent with the classical view of social class, whereby the speech community is composed of layers or strata where some layers are adjacent to each other whereas others are further apart.…”

Section: G O O S E a N D G O A T I N M A N C H E S T E R E N G L I S supporting

confidence: 70%

Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English

Baranowski

2017

Lang Var Change

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A B S T R A C TThis paper reports on patterns of sociolinguistic variation and change in Manchester's GOOSE and GOAT vowels on the basis of the acoustic analysis of 122 speakers, stratified by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. GOOSE fronting is an internal change showing little social differentiation, except before /l/ as in school and pool, where, in contrast to most other dialects of English, GOOSE shows advanced fronting inversely correlated with socioeconomic status. GOAT fronting, on the other hand, is a change brought from outside the dialect by the highest status groups, displaying a pattern of monotonic social stratification, a female lead, and a strong effect of ethnicity. The role of attitudes toward the community in the realization of the vowels is compared with the effect of social class construed in terms of distances between social groups. Social class turns out to be a better predictor, suggesting that the role of attitudes and identity may be overestimated in research eschewing a systematic exploration of social class at the same time.The quality of the long back vowels GOOSE and GOAT has been changing in many dialects of English. The fronting of GOOSE has been found in most varieties across the English-speaking

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Section: G O O S E a N D G O A T I N M A N C H E S T E R E N G L I S supporting

confidence: 70%

Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English

Baranowski

2017

Lang Var Change

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“…An example might be ‘TH-fronting,’ whereby the English dental fricatives /𝜃/ and /ð/ are realized as [f] and [v] respectively. Miller and Nicely (1955 , p. 347) find that under controlled experimental conditions the distinctions between the fricative pairs [𝜃]∼[f] and [ð]∼[v] seem especially difficult for listeners to hear reliably, and yet in contemporary UK English TH-fronting is a widely attested sociophonetic variable that has long attracted overt comment and at times considerable stigma from laypeople (e.g., Levon and Fox, 2014 ; Baranowski and Turton, 2015 ). Where there is little to distinguish speech sounds from one another acoustically, it becomes more challenging to identify reasons why listeners might treat the forms in question as more significant social information-bearing units than others that they hear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Relative Sociolinguistic Salience of Segmental Variables in a Dialect Boundary Zone

2016

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One way of evaluating the salience of a linguistic feature is by assessing the extent to which listeners associate the feature with a social category such as a particular socioeconomic class, gender, or nationality. Such ‘top–down’ associations will inevitably differ somewhat from listener to listener, as a linguistic feature – the pronunciation of a vowel or consonant, for instance – can evoke multiple social category associations, depending upon the dialect in which the feature is embedded and the context in which it is heard. In a given speech community it is reasonable to expect, as a consequence of the salience of the linguistic form in question, a certain level of intersubjective agreement on social category associations. Two metrics we can use to quantify the salience of a linguistic feature are (a) the speed with which the association is made, and (b) the degree to which members of a speech community appear to share the association. Through the use of a new technique, designed as an adaptation of the Implicit Association Test, this paper examines levels of agreement among 40 informants from the Scottish/English border region with respect to the associations they make between four key phonetic variables and the social categories of ‘Scotland’ and ‘England.’ Our findings reveal that the participants exhibit differential agreement patterns across the set of phonetic variables, and that listeners’ responses vary in line with whether participants are members of the Scottish or the English listener groups. These results demonstrate the importance of community-level agreement with respect to the associations that listeners make between social categories and linguistic forms, and as a means of ranking the forms’ relative salience.

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“…Ham DRESS vowel realisations in /wVl/ environment h/ variants are slowly being replaced by /ʔ/. /ʔ/ has been observed longer in Manchester rather than Liverpool (Baranowski & Turton, 2015). Thus, Clark and Watson (2016) suspected that this feature is more likely to spread via diffusion from Manchester rather than Liverpool (p. 59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well, Well, Well: Variation in Dress Vowel Realisations Before Lateral /L/ in Australian English

Sukaton¹

2020

LRJ

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The ongoing el-æl merger in Australian English has been informally recognized by Australians especially those who have experience of contact with Victorians. This study aims to investigate the correlation of speakers’ sex and origin with their /el/ production and how speech styles influence their production. Two male speakers of Australian English from Victoria and South Australia were recorded while reading texts, doing interviews, and having casual conversations. The recordings were then transcribed and analyzed by using various software to describe their /el/ productions. The result of this study was both male subjects are able to produce considerable variations in their /el/ productions. The production of the Victorian male speaker confirmed the findings of previous studies while the SA male speaker showed variations of /el/ similar to back vowels. Speech styles do not significantly affect the variations of /el/ production. The ongoing merger of el-æl in Australian English might be spreading from Victoria through diffusion to its neighboring states. However, more studies should be conducted in order to confirm this suspicion. Other suggestions include customized reading passages and better semi-structured interviews.

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Manchester English

Cited by 30 publications

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Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English

Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English

Estimating the Relative Sociolinguistic Salience of Segmental Variables in a Dialect Boundary Zone

Well, Well, Well: Variation in Dress Vowel Realisations Before Lateral /L/ in Australian English

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