Manchester

Roberts, Reesa

doi:10.1136/adc.62.11.1193

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The appearance of such TPR varies depending on the stage of healing—patches of porous woven bone on the periosteum indicate active lesions, whereas lamellar striations indicate healing (Larsen, 2015). TPR has many aetiologies that can be indistinguishable, including localized trauma, burns, chronic lung disease, infection, malignancy, venous stasis, malnutrition, scurvy, rheumatological conditions, and congenital metabolic bone disease (Rana et al, 2009; Roberts & Manchester, 2010b; Weston, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Black Death in Hereford, England: A demographic analysis of the Cathedral 14th‐century plague mass graves and associated parish cemetery

Franklin,

Mitchell,

Robb

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThis study explores the paleoepidemiology of the Black Death (1348–52 AD) mass graves from Hereford, England, via osteological analysis. Hereford plague mortality is evaluated in the local context of the medieval city and examined alongside other Black Death burials.MethodsThe Hereford Cathedral site includes mass graves relating to the Black Death and a 12th‐16th century parish cemetery. In total, 177 adult skeletons were analyzed macroscopically: 73 from the mass graves and 104 from the parish cemetery. Skeletal age‐at‐death was assessed using transition analysis, and sex and stress markers were analyzed.ResultsThe age‐at‐death distributions for the mass graves and parish cemetery were significantly different (p = 0.0496). Within the mass graves, young adults (15–24 years) were substantially over‐represented, and mortality peaked at 25–34 years. From 35 years of age onwards, there was little variation in the mortality profiles for the mass graves and parish cemetery. Males and females had similar representation across burial types. Linear enamel hypoplasia was more prevalent within the mass graves (p = 0.0340) whereas cribra orbitalia and tibial periostitis were underrepresented.ConclusionsMortality within the Hereford mass graves peaked at a slightly older age than is seen within plague burials from London, but the overall profiles are similar. This demonstrates that young adults were disproportionately at risk of dying from plague compared with other age groups. Our findings regarding stress markers may indicate that enamel hypoplasia is more strongly associated with vulnerability to plague than cribra orbitalia or tibial periostitis.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Black Death in Hereford, England: A demographic analysis of the Cathedral 14th‐century plague mass graves and associated parish cemetery

Franklin,

Mitchell,

Robb

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once in the intermediate host, the cyst can undergo a process of degeneration and calcification (Conchedda et al, 2018; Hosch et al, 2007). Its presence is linked to close human‐animal interactions (Tamarozzi et al, 2020), and, from a socioeconomic perspective, it has been related to pastoralism (Aufderheide & Rodríguez‐Martín, 2011; Roberts & Manchester, 2010) in current (Bosco et al, 2021) and ancient (e.g., Fornaciari et al, 2020) populations. Paleoparasitological studies have detected eggs of Echinococcus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two cases of cystic echinococcosis reported from al‐Andalus cemeteries (southern Iberia): Insights into zoonotic diseases in Islamic Medieval Europe

López‐Gijón,

Duras,

Maroto‐Benavides

et al. 2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The identification of a calcified hydatid cyst in the bioarcheological record is key to the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (i.e., hydatid disease), a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This zoonosis can be linked to human–canid interactions, given the reproductive cycle of the parasite (from canids to herbivores/humans as intermediate hosts), and it is commonly associated with agropastoral communities in both the past and present. However, it is not easy to identify a calcified hydatid cyst in the archeological record because of preservation problems and its similarity with other calcifications of biological and geological origin. We report the presence of two fragmented ovoidal calcified formations associated with human remains in different medieval Islamic cemeteries from the Kingdom of Granada in al‐Andalus (Southern Iberia, 13th–15th centuries AD). These formations were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The localization, morphology, and composition of the calcifications indicate that they are hydatid cysts caused by E. granulosus, representing the first evidence of cystic echinococcosis in Islamic Medieval Europe. Our results are in line with archeological and historical records of human–animal interactions and agropastoral practices in al‐Andalus, and they highlight the importance of analyzing calcified masses in the osteoarcheological record.

show abstract