Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor

Almukhtar, Riyadh S.; Hammoodi, Sally I.; Majdi, Hasan Shakir; Sukkar, Khalid A.

doi:10.3390/pr10102077

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…6 demonstrates an increase in power losses with increasing viscosity and pipe diameter because of increasing friction loss between the crude oil and the pipe. Since heavy oil becomes more viscous, the pressure head suffers, and the pump consumes more power [30,31]. Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of the Temperature On The Power Losses And Pressure L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Hamied¹,

Ali²,

Sukkar³

2023

Fluid Dynamics &Amp; Materials Processing

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The process of transporting crude oil across pipelines is one of the most critical aspects of the midstream petroleum industry. In the present experimental work, the effect of temperature, pressure drop, and pipe diameter on the flow rate of heavy crude oil have been assessed. Moreover, the total discharge and energy losses have been evaluated in order to demonstrate the improvements potentially achievable by using solar heating method replacing pipe, and adjusting the value of the initial pressure difference. Crude oil of API = 20 has been used for the experiments, with the studied pipelines sections connecting the separator unit to the storage tank operating at a temperature of 25°C-100°C, pressure drop of 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg/cm 2 , and with pipe diameter of 4, 6, and 8 in. The results show that on increasing the temperature and/or the pressure drop, the flow rate through the pipeline becomes higher, thus raising the total pumping energy (as the pipe diameter increase), while energy losses increase from the last separator to the storage tank in the field. A pipe diameter increase can also produce a growth of the total pumping energy (i.e., energy losses increase). The results of the present analysis suggest that employing an optimal temperature (50°C) is needed to ensure good performance.

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Section: Effect Of the Temperature On The Power Losses And Pressure L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Hamied¹,

Ali²,

Sukkar³

2023

Fluid Dynamics &Amp; Materials Processing

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“…All of these factors promoted the consumption of a high quantity of ozone in the reaction mixture, causing the phenol degradation process to improve significantly by forming water and carbon dioxide. Accordingly, a shorter reaction time was required for phenol degradation when applying this method, and this produced a high-performance removal in a BCR [4,24,50].…”

Section: Reaction Kinetics Of the Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation of various hydrocarbon contaminants from the effluent streams of wastewater that employ BCRs must provide effective contact between the reaction mixtures. The degradation process of hydrocarbons occurs in the liquid phase, and gas bubbles encourage an efficient mass transfer with the pollutant materials included in the system before the oxidation reaction [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining α-Al2O3 Packing Material and a ZnO Nanocatalyst in an Ozonized Bubble Column Reactor to Increase the Phenol Degradation from Wastewater

Majhool,

Sukkar,

Alsaffar

2023

Processes

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The ozonation reaction in a bubble column reactor (BCR) has been widely used in the removal of phenol from wastewater, but the phenol removal efficiency in this type of reactor is limited because of low ozone solubility and reactivity in the system. In the present study, the phenol degradation in the BCR was enhanced by using α-Al2O3 as a packing material and a ZnO nanocatalyst. The reactor diameter and height were 8 cm and 180 cm, respectively. The gas distributor was designed to include 52 holes of a 0.5 mm diameter. Also, the gas holdup, pressure drop, and bubble size were measured as a function of the superficial gas velocity (i.e., 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 cm/s). The evaluation of the hydrodynamic parameters provided a deeper understanding of the ozonation process through which to select the optimal operating parameters in the reactor. It was found that the best superficial gas velocity was 2.5 cm/s. A complete (100%) phenol removal was achieved for phenol concentrations of 15, 20, and 25 ppm at reaction times of 80, 90, and 100 min, respectively; this was achieved by using α-Al2O3 packing material and a ZnO nanocatalyst in the BCR. Additionally, a reaction kinetics study was conducted to describe the ozonation reaction in BCR. The first-order reaction assumption clearly describes the reaction kinetics with an R2 = 0.991. Finally, the applied treatment method can be used to efficiently remove phenol from wastewater at a low cost, with a small consumption of energy and a simple operation.

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“…The ozonation process is one of the most advanced oxidation techniques employed to remove organic pollutants from wastewater [10,13]. In the ozonation technique, the hydroxyl group and other radicals are generated during the oxidation reaction, which provides a high removal percentage of organic materials [14][15][16][17][18]. Ozone gas is a strong oxidizing agent that is widely applied in wastewater treatment to remove microorganisms, organic, and inorganic compounds.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Ozonation Reaction for Efficient Removal of Phenol from Wastewater Using a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

2023

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In the ozonation process, the phenol degradation in wastewater undergoes a low mass transfer mechanism. In this study, ozonized packed bubble column reactor was designed and constructed to remove phenol. The reactor’s inner diameter and height were 150 and 8 cm, respectively. The packing height was kept constant at 1 m in accordance with the reactor hydrodynamics. The gas distributor was designed with 55 holes of 0.5 mm. The phenol removal efficiency was evaluated at ozone concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 mg/L, contact times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, and phenol concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mg/L. The results indicated that the highest phenol removal efficiency of 100% was achieved at 30 min in presence of packing. Moreover, the use of packing improved the contact between the gas and liquid, which significantly enhanced the phenol degradation. Actually, a thin film over a packing surface enhances the mass transfer. Also, it was found that the phenol is degraded into CO2 and H2O through a series of reaction steps. Additionally, a kinetic study of a first-order reaction provided an efficient estimation of reaction parameters with a correlation factor of 0.997.

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Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Enhancing Heavy Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines through Heating-Induced Viscosity Reduction in the Petroleum Industry

Combining α-Al2O3 Packing Material and a ZnO Nanocatalyst in an Ozonized Bubble Column Reactor to Increase the Phenol Degradation from Wastewater

Enhancement of Ozonation Reaction for Efficient Removal of Phenol from Wastewater Using a Packed Bubble Column Reactor

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