Managing the surface piezoelectricity effect of the smart ZnO sandwich nanoplates using metal foam core layer and GPRL reinforced rim layers

Abstract

This work examines the vibration characteristics of a sandwich nanosensor plate. The plate comprises a core material of nickel foams, with zinc oxide layers on the top and bottom and a rim layer reinforced with graphene. The study takes into account the surface effect. The study employed the innovative sinusoidal higher-order deformation theory and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory. Hamilton's principle obtained the equations governing the motion of a sandwich nanoplate. The Navier method was employed to solve these equations. The sandwich nanosensor plate consists of three different foam variants: a uniform foam model and two symmetric foam models. The work focused on analyzing the sandwich nanoplate's dimensionless fundamental natural frequencies. This investigation examined the impact of three different types of foam, the volumetric ratio of graphene, variations in temperature, nonlocal factors, the ratio of foam void, and electric potential. Additionally, the effect of the presence or absence of surface effects of the sandwich nanoplate on the non-dimensional fundamental natural frequencies was analyzed. Within this context, it was established that the buckling temperature of the nanoplate exhibited an estimated increase of 0.7% due to the surface effect. The research is expected to produce useful discoveries concerning developing and applying nanosensors, transducers, and nanoelectromechanical systems designed to function in high-temperature conditions. It has been noted that the surface impact can be diminished by increasing the stiffness of the foam core layer and supporting rim layers.