Managing the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Using an Electric Walk-Through Fly Trap

Watson, David; Stringham, S. M.; Denning, S.S.; Washburn, S.P.; Poore, M. H.; Meier, Albert

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-95.5.1113

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Stable flies were counted on the visible faces of front and rear legs separately. For stable flies, the front leg and back leg counts were added together for analysis; counts were made from a distance of 2 to 4 m (Watson, et al, 2002;Denning et al, 2014).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Collection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observing that horn flies remained with the host, Bruce (1938) built a walk-through fly trap with 1-way fly-screen baffles on its otherwise translucent sides to remove and capture flies as the cattle passed through. That simple design is now known as the Bruce walkthrough fly trap, and different versions (some using a passive trap and others with electric modification) have been studied for horn fly control in Missouri (Hall and Doisy, 1989), Florida (Tozer and Sutherst, 1996), North Carolina (Watson et al, 2002), and Ontario, Canada (Surgeoner et al, 1998). Those studies showed that walk-through traps can reduce horn fly burdens by 50 to 90%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a commercial vacuum fly trap for controlling flies on organic dairy farms

Kienitz

Heins

Moon

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial vacuum fly trap (CowVac, Spalding Laboratories, Reno, NV) in on-farm organic dairy production systems to control horn flies, stable flies, and face flies. As cows walk through the trap, flies are brushed off the face, flank, and back with hanging flaps and blown off the belly, udder, and legs from one side, and then vacuumed from the air into a chamber from vacuum inlets opposite the blower and above the cow. The study included 8 organic dairy farms during the summer of 2015 in Minnesota, and herds ranged from 30 to 350 cows in size. The farms were divided into pairs by location; during the first period of the summer (June to July), the trap was set up on 1 farm, whereas during the second period of the summer (August to September) the trap was sent to its paired farm. Farms were visited once per week to collect and count flies from the trap as well as count and record flies on cows. Bulk tank milk, fat, and protein production and somatic cell count were collected on farms during the entire study period. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Independent variables for analyses were the fixed effects of farm, trap presence, housing scenario, and summer period. Horn fly numbers on cows were lower by 44% on farm in the presence of a trap (11.4 vs. 20.5 flies/cow-side) compared with the absence of a trap. Stable fly (5.4 vs. 7.1 flies/leg) and face fly (1.0 vs. 1.0 flies/cow) numbers were similar on farm whether the trap was present or absent on farms, respectively. Milk production was similar for farms with the trap (15.5 kg/d) compared to without (15.3 kg/d) the trap. Bulk tank milk, milk components, and somatic cell count were statistically similar in the presence and absence of the trap, so potential benefits of the trap for those measures were not evident at low fly populations observed during the study. The presence of a trap on farm reduced horn fly population growth rates (-1.01 vs. 1.00 flies/d) compared with the absence of a trap. Cows on farms with no housing (100% pasture) tended to have reduced horn fly numbers (11.7 vs. 28.3 flies/cow-side) in the presence of a trap compared with the absence of a trap on farm. Cows on farms with housing had similar horn fly numbers (11.2 vs. 14.8 flies/cow-side) in the presence of a trap compared with the absence of a trap on farm. In summary, these results indicate the trap was effective in reducing horn fly numbers on cows and reduced horn fly growth rates during the pasture season in organic dairy production systems, but benefits in improved milk production were not evident likely because of relatively low fly populations.

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Section: Experimental Design and Collection Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a commercial vacuum fly trap for controlling flies on organic dairy farms

Kienitz

Heins

Moon

2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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show abstract

“…Stable flies were counted on the visible faces of front and rear legs separately. Counts were made from a distance of 2 to 4 m (Watson et al, 2002;Denning et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: Relationship of activity and rumination to abundance of pest flies among organically certified cows fed 3 levels of concentrate

Sjostrom

Heins

Endres

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate activity, rumination time, and their association with 3 kinds of pasture flies for organic dairy cows (n=57) fed 3 grain supplementation strategies during the grazing season from May to September 2013. Cows were assigned to 1 of 3 replicate supplementation groups: (1) no corn-grain supplementation (100% pasture, PAS, n=19); (2) low corn-grain (2.72kg/cow per day, LG, n=19); and (3) high corn-grain (5.44kg/cow per day, HG, n=19). Cows calved during 2 seasons (fall and spring) at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, from October to December 2012 and March to May 2013. Supplement (corn-grain and minerals) was fed in a total mixed ration of corn silage and alfalfa silage, and at least 30% of diet dry matter intake for LG and HG cows consisted of pasture. Activity and rumination time (daily and 2-h blocks of time) were monitored electronically using HR-LD tags (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) for 125d. Activity (cow body movement and head movement) was reported in activity units from SCR DataFlow II software, and rumination times were reported in minutes per day. PROC HPMIXED in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used for statistical analysis, and independent variables were season of calving (fall or spring), month of grazing (June to September), supplementation group, and interactions of month of grazing and supplementation group. Replicate was a random effect with repeated measures. Daily activity was higher for PAS cows (1,138 activity units) than for HG cows (1,001 activity units), and LG cows (1,019 activity units). Daily activity was highest in July (1,258 activity units) and lowest in September (819 activity units). Rumination was not different for PAS (397min/d), LG (384min/d), or HG (370min/d) cows. Daily rumination was greater in September (402min/d) than in July (361min/d). Daily activity increased rapidly between 0600-0800h and 1600-1800h. From 1800 to 2000h, cows had a rapid decline in activity until 0600h the next day. All supplementation groups had the greatest rumination activity from 0200 to 0400h and the least between 1000 and 1200h. Greater activity of cows on a herd basis was moderately correlated with increased fly populations. Monthly activity patterns of grazing cows were associated with fly populations on cows.

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Managing the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Using an Electric Walk-Through Fly Trap

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of a commercial vacuum fly trap for controlling flies on organic dairy farms

Evaluation of a commercial vacuum fly trap for controlling flies on organic dairy farms

Short communication: Relationship of activity and rumination to abundance of pest flies among organically certified cows fed 3 levels of concentrate

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