Managing the “Helsinki Spirit” in the Balkans: The Greek Initiative for Balkan Co-operation, 1975–1976

Karamouzi, Eirini

doi:10.1080/09592296.2013.848697

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Kourkouvelas have discussed in their respective articles, Constantinos Karamanlis, the Greek prime minister, took "the Helsinki spirit" on the road, visiting Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia and attempting to rekindle the by now moribund earlier Balkan détente. 111 He adopted an inclusive approach. His Nordpolitik was not devoid of elements of Ostpolitik; Turkey was not excluded.…”

Section: Communist World"mentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States, Differentiation, and Balkan Cooperation during the Cold War

Pedaliu¹

2022

zeitgeschichte

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To reject it in favour of a deliberately evasive and opaque geographical term like Southeastern Europe, could promote the stereotypes it intends to avoid as well as ahistorical approaches to the study of the region and in the long run, historical amnesia. 5 II.The Legacy of WWII Liberation found Balkan societies deeply divided and seeking divergent political futures.Total war, collaboration, resistance and survival had become intertwined with pre-existing disputes and regional competition. Nazi Germany's and Fascist Italy's conquests were accompanied by energetic occupations through the "puppet" governments of Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania and had created a combustible security environment. The Soviet Union's success in pushing Hitler' armies westward appealed to popular mood in the occupied Balkans more than the slower-moving Anglo-American strategy that aimed to divert Nazi Germany away from reinforcing the shores of France. 6 Allied "grand strategy" in the Balkans was experienced as a clamp that increased the ferocity of occupation, intensified disunity and bifurcated local resistance into communist and anti-communist groupings. It bred frustration and fostered suspicion. The cynicism evinced by the Stalin-Churchill percentages agreement in 1944 anticipated a future based on division. 7 It also revealed that American opposition to spheres of influence was flexible. In Athens, the December Events demonstrated that Britain, starved of the resources it needed to finance its postwar strategy, could resort to heavy-handedness to avert Communist takeovers. 8 In the Balkans, the shape of peace had

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Section: Communist World"mentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States, Differentiation, and Balkan Cooperation during the Cold War

Pedaliu¹

2022

zeitgeschichte

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The Ostpolitik in the Context of the Country’s Multidimensional Foreign Policy in the 1970s

Stergıou

2021

Greece’s Ostpolitik

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The international dimensions of the Metapolitefsi, 1974–1976: a reassessment

Chalkos

2024

Byz. Mod. Greek stud.

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This article approaches the Metapolitefsi as an international event and seeks to historicize the perceptions and concepts that drove Greek and Western policy-making after the fall of the junta. Its main argument is that from 1974 to 1976 and in conjunction with domestic democratization, a parallel process developed when it came to Greece's external relations, which entailed a significant reformulation of Greek foreign policy. The year 1974, then, should be seen as an important turning point not only in Greek domestic politics but in Greece's external relations as well. These two processes were mutually reinforcing and closely interdependent.

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Managing the “Helsinki Spirit” in the Balkans: The Greek Initiative for Balkan Co-operation, 1975–1976

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The United States, Differentiation, and Balkan Cooperation during the Cold War

The United States, Differentiation, and Balkan Cooperation during the Cold War

The Ostpolitik in the Context of the Country’s Multidimensional Foreign Policy in the 1970s

The international dimensions of the Metapolitefsi, 1974–1976: a reassessment

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