Managing Population Sex Ratios in Conservation Practice: How and Why?

Wedekind, Claus

doi:10.5772/37601

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Although there are examples where YY fish are nonviable or infertile ( Betta splendens , George, Pandian, & Kavumpurath, 1994; Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum , George & Pandian, 1996), many species can produce YY fish that are both viable and fertile (e.g. Poecilia reticulata , Kavumpurath & Pandian, 1992; Oreochromis niloticus , Mair, Abucay, Skibinski, Abella, & Beardmore, 1997; Carassius auratus , Yamamoto, 1975; Salmo gairdneri , Chevassus, Devaux, Chourrout, & Jalabert, 1988; O. hatcheri , Hattori, Oura, et al., 2009; see also Wedekind, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Both types of sex reversal in pejerrey appear to be viable and fertile, as for example in this study, and could mate in the wild causing skews in genetic sex ratios such as from the mating of sex‐reversed XX males with normal XX females or sex‐reversed XY females with normal XY males. The latter cross may potentially yield also YY offspring, sometimes called “supermales” because they would yield all‐XY progenies when mating with normal XX females (Cotton & Wedekind, 2009; Wedekind, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of viability and fertility and development of a molecular tool to identify YY supermales in a fish with both genotypic and environmental sex determination

Tashiro

Zhang

Kakuta

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The pejerrey possesses a genotypic sex determination system driven by the amhy gene and yet shows marked temperature‐dependent sex determination. Sex‐reversed XY females have been found in a naturally breeding population established in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. These females could mate with normal XY males and generate YY “supermale” individuals that, if viable and fertile, would sire only genotypic male offspring. This study was conducted to verify the viability, gender, and fertility of YY pejerrey and to develop a molecular method for their identification. Production of YY fish was attempted by crossing a thermally sex‐reversed XY female and an XY male, and rearing the progeny until sexual maturation. To identify the presumable YY individuals, we first conducted a PCR analysis using amhy‐specific primers to screen only amhy‐positive (XY and YY) fish. This screening showed that 60.6% of the progeny was amhy‐positive, which suggested the presence of YY fish. We then conducted a second screening by qPCR in order to identify the individuals with two amhy copies in their genome. This screening revealed 13 individuals, all males, with values twice higher than the other 30 amhy‐positive fishes, suggesting they have a YY complement. This assumption as well as the viability, fertility, and “supermale” nature of these individuals was confirmed in progeny tests with XX females that yielded 100% amhy‐positive offspring. These results demonstrate that qPCR can obviate progeny test as a means to identify the genotypic sex and therefore may be useful for the survey of all three possible genotypes in wild populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of viability and fertility and development of a molecular tool to identify YY supermales in a fish with both genotypic and environmental sex determination

Tashiro

Zhang

Kakuta

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…De igual forma, algunas especies de escorpiones presentan una proporción sexual que favorece a las hembras de 1:3 y de opiliones Megabunus diadema (Fabricius, 1799) (Phalangiidae) se considera partenogénica, sin embargo, especies de Prionostemma (Opilionida) presentan una proporción 1:1 (MERINO- SÁINZ et al, 2013;GRETHER et al, 2014;KASSIRI et al, 2015). A pesar de esto, la proporción de sexos presente en la naturaleza, tiende a ser siempre 1:1 e indica roles de igual importancia entre machos y hembras, dado que, la selección podría minimizar al sexo menos productivo, por tanto, la proporción sexual 1:1 sugiere, que el costo de criar con éxito las ninfas, es más o menos el mismo independientemente de su sexo (FISHER, 1930;SMITH, 1999;WADE et al, 2003;TABADKANI et al, 2012;WEDEKIND, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Los postulados de FISHER (1930) explican que la proporción sexual de la mayoría de las especies tiende a ser uno a uno, sin embargo, se ha observado que algunas especies se desvían de esta proporción, para aumentar al máximo el potencial evolutivo y las perspectivas a largo plazo de una población dada (HJERNQUIST et al, 2009;TABADKANI et al, 2012;WEDEKIND, 2012). En este sentido, diferencias en el comportamiento de los individuos, en el tamaño o la morfología, se consideran, factores que pueden estar sesgando la proporción sexual en aquellas especies que presentan determinación a nivel genético (BUNNEFELD et al, 2009;TRYJANOWSKI et al, 2009;WEDEKIND, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proporción sexual de la comunidad de pseudoescorpiones (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) en bosque de manglar, San Antero-Córdoba, Caribe colombiano

Bedoya-Róqueme

Quirós

2017

Rev Colombiana Cienc Anim. RECIA

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ResumenEn poblaciones de pseudoescorpiones en fragmentos de bosque de manglar del departamento de Córdoba, Caribe colombiano, se realizó un estudio sobre proporción sexual y periodos de reproducción. Se colectaron 1.037 individuos distribuidos en cinco familias y seis especies. La mayoría de las especies presentó una proporción sexual 1:1, y periodos de reproducción univoltinos, sin embargo, Epactiochernes sp., registró una proporción sexual sesgada hacia las hembras y Serianus aff. carolinensis, presento periodos bivoltinos. La proporción sexual exhibida por la mayoría de las especies y los periodos de reproducción sugieren que, su estrategia selectiva ligada a la reproducción, se encuentra ajustada a las épocas climáticas de los bosques de manglar, relacionado con la exclusividad de las especies en los microhábitat donde se desenvuelven. Palabras Clave:Microhábitat; estructura; fenología; ciclo de vida; dimorfismo sexual. AbstractIn populations of pseudoscorpions in fragments of mangrove forest of the department of Córdoba, Colombian, Caribbean, was carried out a study on sex ratio and periods of reproduction. A total of 1,037 individuals were collected, distributed in five families and six species. Most of the species presented a sex ratio 1:1, and periods of reproduction univoltine, however, Epactiochernes sp., it registered a sex ratio slanted toward the females and Serianus aff. carolinensis, present periods bivoltines. The sex ratio exhibited by most of the species and the periods of reproduction, they suggest that its bound selective strategy to the reproduction, is adjusted to the climatic season of the mangrove forests, related with the exclusivity of the species in the microhabitat where they are unwrapped.

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“…We recommend that conservation stakeholders and policymakers implement stratified buffer zones around wetlands by setting different levels to land-use intervention (Semlitsch and Bodie, 2003). Breeding habitats colonized by threatened species could have their regulatory criteria adjusted to secure proper sex ratio representation of amphibian populations (Wedekind, 2012). Besides benefits in the conservation of semi-aquatic animals, protective buffers may also provide a number of ecosystem services, including the improvement of water quality by removing sediments and pollutants (Lovell and Sullivan, 2006).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating life-history traits and amphibian upland habitat use in a Neotropical hotspot

2015

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Keywords:Atlantic forest Brazil Frog Wetland Reproductive strategy Sex ratio a b s t r a c t Effective management of semi-aquatic animals requires detailed information on upland habitat use around aquatic habitats. Quantifying the amount of habitats needed to sustain local animals' populations is a crucial criterion when setting protective buffers to water bodies, especially for amphibians, which depend on these upland habitats for breeding and development. Differences in upland habitat use can emerge among amphibian species with distinct life-history traits, including reproductive-strategy (pondbreeding vs. non-pond breeding anurans), life-stage (adults vs. juveniles), and sex (males vs. females). To date there has been no quantitative study of upland habitat use in the Neotropics, which can provide a baseline for quantifying the amount of upland forested habitats needed to sustain local amphibian populations. We monitored three ponds for over two sampling year using drift fences with pitfall traps to investigate how reproductive-strategy, life-stage, and sex affect anuran upland habitat use in a forest remnant in the Atlantic Forest hotspot. We found no differences in upland habitat use between adult and juvenile anurans. However, we found that although the species richness of pond-breeding and non-pond breeding anurans was similar near wetlands, there was greater abundance of pond-breeding compared to non-pond breeding anurans. We also found a strong difference between the sexes in pond-breeding anurans, with males remaining closer to wetlands than females. Thus, the sex ratio of amphibian populations can be strongly skewed toward males if only small protective terrestrial buffers (50-m) are enforced during land development. Our findings also point to the inadequacy of current Brazilian policies to protect small wetlands and the fauna that depend on them. We recommend that policymakers adjust regulatory criteria to set hierarchical protective buffers around wetlands allowing different levels of landuse intervention.

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Managing Population Sex Ratios in Conservation Practice: How and Why?

Cited by 38 publications

References 105 publications

Demonstration of viability and fertility and development of a molecular tool to identify YY supermales in a fish with both genotypic and environmental sex determination

Demonstration of viability and fertility and development of a molecular tool to identify YY supermales in a fish with both genotypic and environmental sex determination

Proporción sexual de la comunidad de pseudoescorpiones (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) en bosque de manglar, San Antero-Córdoba, Caribe colombiano

Integrating life-history traits and amphibian upland habitat use in a Neotropical hotspot

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