Managing Phase Purities and Crystal Orientation for High‐Performance and Photostable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang, Qiong; Smith, Joel A.; Skroblin, Dieter; Steele, Julian A.; Wolff, Christian; Caprioglio, Pietro; Stolterfoht, Martin; Köbler, Hans; Li, Meng; Turren‐Cruz, Silver‐Hamill; Gollwitzer, Christian; Neher, Dieter; Abate, Antonio

doi:10.1002/solr.202000213

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…However, this dual texture is strongly dependent on the annealing temperature; higher annealing temperatures promote a relatively stronger φtet expression and narrower its angular distribution (Figure S14). Similar dual textures have been reported previously in CsPbI1.8Br1.2 solar cells [39] and we suggest annealing CsPbI2Br thin films at higher temperatures better facilitates grain rotations [40] toward a preferred tetragonallike texture.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similar dual textures have been reported previously in CsPbI 1.8 Br 1.2 solar cells. [42] The bimodal nature of the texture formation in quenched, black CsPbI 3−x Br x thin films, and its connection to crystal symmetry, suggest that these directions represent fundamental, energetically favored formations. For the case of γ-CsPbI 3 thinfilms, anisotropic thermal expansion [31] arises because the tilting distortions are different.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma202007224mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Texture Formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films of All‐Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite

et al. 2021

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Controlling grain orientations within polycrystalline all‐inorganic halide perovskite solar cells can help increase conversion efficiencies toward their thermodynamic limits; however, the forces governing texture formation are ambiguous. Using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, mesostructure formation within polycrystalline CsPbI2.85Br0.15 powders as they cool from a high‐temperature cubic perovskite (α‐phase) is reported. Tetragonal distortions (β‐phase) trigger preferential crystallographic alignment within polycrystalline ensembles, a feature that is suggested here to be coordinated across multiple neighboring grains via interfacial forces that select for certain lattice distortions over others. External anisotropy is then imposed on polycrystalline thin films of orthorhombic (γ‐phase) CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite via substrate clamping, revealing two fundamental uniaxial texture formations; i) I‐rich films possess orthorhombic‐like texture (<100> out‐of‐plane; <010> and <001> in‐plane), while ii) Br‐rich films form tetragonal‐like texture (<110> out‐of‐plane; <110> and <001> in‐plane). In contrast to relatively uninfluential factors like the choice of substrate, film thickness, and annealing temperature, Br incorporation modifies the γ‐CsPbI3−xBrx crystal structure by reducing the orthorhombic lattice distortion (making it more tetragonal‐like) and governs the formation of the different, energetically favored textures within polycrystalline thin films.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Doi: 101002/adma202007224mentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture Formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films of All‐Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite

et al. 2021

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“…A custom-built high-throughput aging rig was used for the stability test of solar cells in this study, 59 in which each cell’s maximum power point (MPP) was individually tracked by the use of special electronics. MPP tracking used a perturb and observe algorithm 60 with a voltage step-width of 0.01 V and a delay time of 1 s. PCE MPP values were automatically recorded for all cells every 2 min and normalized to the maximum value.…”

Section: Methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Phung

Verheijen

Todinova

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent electronic properties. Recent advancements in device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been achieved with the application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), serving as stand-alone hole transport layers in the p-i-n architecture. Specifically, phosphonic acid SAMs, directly functionalizing indium–tin oxide (ITO), are presently adopted for highly efficient devices. Despite their successes, so far, little is known about the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO used in PSCs application, which can affect the device performance, as non-covered areas can result in shunting or low open-circuit voltage. In this study, we investigate the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO and observe that the SAM of MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) inhomogeneously covers the ITO substrate. Instead, when adopting an intermediate layer of NiO between ITO and the SAM, the homogeneity, and hence the surface coverage of the SAM, improve. In this work, NiO is processed by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ni(MeCp) 2 as the precursor and O 2 plasma as the co-reactant. Specifically, the presence of ALD NiO leads to a homogeneous distribution of SAM molecules on the metal oxide area, accompanied by a high shunt resistance in the devices with respect to those with SAM directly processed on ITO. At the same time, the SAM is key to the improvement of the open-circuit voltage of NiO + MeO-2PACz devices compared to those with NiO alone. Thus, the combination of NiO and SAM results in a narrower distribution of device performance reaching a more than 20% efficient champion device. The enhancement of SAM coverage in the presence of NiO is corroborated by several characterization techniques including advanced imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental composition quantification by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mapping. We believe this finding will further promote the usage of phosphonic acid based SAM molecules in perovskite PV.

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“…Operational Stability Test. A custom-built high-throughput aging rig was used for the stability test of solar cells in this study, 59 in which each cell's maximum power point (MPP) was individually tracked by the use of special electronics. MPP tracking used a perturb and observe algorithm 60 with a voltage step-width of 0.01 V and a delay time of 1 s. PCE MPP values were automatically recorded for all cells every 2 min and normalized to the maximum value.…”

Section: ■ Methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced self-assembled monolayer surface coverage by ALD NiO for p-i-n perovskite solar cells

Phung

Verheijen

Todinova

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics

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Managing Phase Purities and Crystal Orientation for High‐Performance and Photostable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Texture Formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films of All‐Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite

Texture Formation in Polycrystalline Thin Films of All‐Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced self-assembled monolayer surface coverage by ALD NiO for p-i-n perovskite solar cells

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