“…There are many kinds of holographic technology that can be used in learning. The pepper ghost concept with holographic pyramids and screens, such as smartphones or tablets, is one of the most widely applied concepts (Awad & Kharbat, 2018;Kim et al, 2018;Patel & Bhalodiya, 2019;Chehlarova & Chehlarova, 2020). The hologram can also be generated using reflections and transmissions produced using simplified holographic recording devices (Park et al, 2020), fans (Loh & Shaharuddin, 2019), parabolic lenses (Matsumaru et al, 2019), and telepresence, which marks the implementation of education 4.0 (Pates, 2020;Themelis & Sime, 2020;Naezak et al, 2021).…”