Managing Obsessive Thoughts During Brief Exposure: An Experimental Study Comparing Mindfulness-Based Strategies and Distraction in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Wahl, Karina; Huelle, Jan O; Zurowski, Bartosz; Kordon, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9503-2

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Insofar as we found that when individuals with lower HRV reported low effort to suppress they experienced a similar decline in intrusions as those with higher HRV, it appears that individuals seeking to manage unwanted thoughts, especially those with lower HRV, may do well to abandon their thought suppression efforts and instead “give up the struggle.” Indeed, this suggestion is entirely consistent with the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, ), which include acceptance and cognitive defusion as alternatives to experiential avoidance and fusion with one's thoughts. In addition, evidence suggests that mindfulness and acceptance‐based strategies reduce thought suppression efforts and distress associated with intrusions (Marcks & Woods, ; Najmi, Riemann, & Wegner, ; Wahl, Huelle, Zurowski, & Kordon, ). In the current study, supplemental analyses (see online supporting information) revealed that higher levels of distress following the introduction of the target thought predicted greater spontaneous suppression efforts, which in turn were associated with reductions in the declines in intrusion frequency among those with lower HRV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in resting heart rate variability moderate thought suppression success

2015

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Individual differences in heart rate variability (HRV) at rest are thought to represent an individual's capacity for self-regulation, but it remains unclear whether HRV predicts control over unwanted thoughts. The current study used a thought suppression paradigm in which participants recorded occurrences of a personally relevant intrusive thought over three monitoring periods. Among those instructed to suppress, higher levels of HRV were associated with greater declines in intrusions across the monitoring periods; no such relationship was found among those assigned to a control condition. Resting HRV also interacted with spontaneous thought suppression effort to predict intrusive thought frequency. In both cases, these HRV-related differences in thought suppression success predicted the generalized distress symptoms common to depression and anxiety. These findings enhance understanding of the relationships between HRV and cognitive control and highlight how individual differences in self-regulatory capacity impact thought suppression success and emotion regulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in resting heart rate variability moderate thought suppression success

2015

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“…In a qualitative analysis of MBCT for OCD, participants indicated that the most important aspects were learning to redirect attention away from OITs and to bring an attitude of acceptance toward those experiences (Hertenstein et al 2012 ). Furthermore, small-scale intervention and experimental studies suggest that an attitude of acceptance (nonjudgment and ‘letting go’) mediates the effect of mindfulness interventions on reducing symptoms of OCD (Hanstede et al 2008 ; Wahl et al 2013 ). Crane et al ( 2017 ) identify essential components for any mindfulness intervention, which highlight the attitudinal and attentional components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Facets of Mindfulness Protect Individuals from the Negative Experiences of Obsessive Intrusive Thoughts?

2017

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Obsessive intrusive thoughts (OITs) are experienced by the majority of the general population, and in their more extreme forms are characteristic of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). These cognitions are said to exist on a continuum that includes differences in their frequency and associated distress. The key factors that contribute to an increased frequency and distress are how the individual appraises and responds to the OIT. Facets of mindfulness, such as nonjudgment and nonreactivity, offer an alternative approach to OITs than the negative appraisals and commonly utilised control strategies that often contribute to distress. Clarifying the role of facets of mindfulness in relation to these cognitions offers a means to elucidate individual characteristics that may offer protection from distress associated with OITs. A sample of nonclinical individuals (n = 583) completed an online survey that assessed their experiences of OITs, including frequency, emotional reaction and appraisals, and trait mindfulness. The findings from a series of multiple regression analyses confirmed that specific facets of mindfulness relating to acting with awareness and acceptance (nonjudgment and nonreactivity) consistently predicted less frequent and distressing experiences of OITs. In contrast, the observe facet emerged as a consistent predictor of negative experiences of OITs. These findings suggest that acting with awareness and acceptance may confer protective characteristics in relation to OITs, but that the observe facet may reflect a hypervigilance to OITs. Mindfulness-based prevention and intervention for OCD should be tailored to take account of the potential differential effects of increasing specific facets of mindfulness.

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“…k + refers to the analyses where independence was violated by one or more studies being split into multiple studies based on having multiple conditions. These studies were split into multiple studies: Control Type (Arch & Craske, 2006; Broderick, 2005; Cassin et al, 2011; Cruess et al, 2015; Heppner et al, 2008; Hilt & Pollack, 2012; Hong et al, 2012; Hooper et al, 2011; Huffziger & Kuehner, 2009; Johnson et al, 2015; Keng et al, 2013; Kuehner et al, 2009; Laurent et al, 2014; Lee & Orsillo, 2014; Liu et al, 2012; Luethcke et al, 2011; Murphy & MacKillop, 2014; Nosen & Woody, 2013; Ortner & Zelazo, 2014; Ramos Diaz et al, 2014; Shikatani et al, 2014; Singer & Dobson, 2007; Ussher et al, 2009; Villa & Hilt, 2014; Vinci et al, 2014; Wells & Roussis, 2014; Zeidan et al, 2010b), Intervention Type (Ainsworth et al, 2013, 2015; Bonamo et al, 2014), Type of Mindfulness Training Exercise (Ainsworth et al, 2013, 2015; Bonamo et al, 2014), Time Point (Ainsworth et al, 2015; Alberts & Thewissen, 2011; Arch & Craske, 2006; Atkinson & Wade, 2012; Banks et al, 2015; Bowen & Marlatt, 2009; Broderick, 2005; Cropley et al, 2007; Cruess et al, 2015; Erisman & Roemer, 2010; Hilt & Pollak, 2012; Huffziger & Kuehner, 2009; Keng et al, 2013; Kuehner, 2009; Laurent et al, 2014; Marchiori & Papies, 2013; McClintock & Anderson, 2013; Ramos Diaz et al, 2014; Sauer & Baer, 2012; Shikatani et al, 2014; Ussher et al, 2009; Villa & Hilt, 2014; Vinci et al, 2014; Wahl et al, 2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Brief mindfulness training for negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Schumer¹,

Lindsay²,

Creswell³

2018

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

215

129

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Brief mindfulness training programs are increasingly popular approaches for reducing negative affectivity. This meta-analysis indicates that brief mindfulness training modestly reduces negative affectivity. Quantitative analyses indicated the presence of publication bias (i.e., unpublished null effect studies), highlighting the need to continue rigorous evaluation of brief mindfulness interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Managing Obsessive Thoughts During Brief Exposure: An Experimental Study Comparing Mindfulness-Based Strategies and Distraction in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Individual differences in resting heart rate variability moderate thought suppression success

Individual differences in resting heart rate variability moderate thought suppression success

Which Facets of Mindfulness Protect Individuals from the Negative Experiences of Obsessive Intrusive Thoughts?

Brief mindfulness training for negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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