Managing Institutional Evolution to Increase the Likelihood of Success: Examples of Guidance from Chinese History

Jiang, Chenchao; Shang, Di; Cao, Shixiong

doi:10.1007/s11205-015-1010-x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These problems may lead China into a period of increased social turbulence. From 1978 to 2010, the Gini coefficient has risen by 118%, and the crime rate has risen by 475% (Jiang et al., 2016); the two parameters have also been strongly and significantly correlated during this period, and although correlation does not always imply causality, there is a plausible causal relationship in this case (Figure 3). The central government must directly attack the developing institution of an administrative monopoly that has shifted from the national level to the local level if it wishes to reduce the heavy costs that the government now bears.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The resulting economic growth and political stability led to institutional changes in government, such as the decentralization policy, that strengthened local governance while also improving social development. In contrast, political institutional changes that jeopardize economic growth may increase poverty, lead to economic weakening or even collapse, and lead to destabilization of social systems, possibly leading to a revolution, as occurred in the Soviet Union during the 1990s (Jiang et al, 2016). Indeed, economic institutional changes that are not accompanied by compatible changes in political institutions may expand the gap between the rich and the poor, intensify social conflict, and threaten political stability; symptoms of this risk may be evident in the negative social changes that have occurred in China since 1997 ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Criminal Cases Per Million Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An equilibrium path for institutional change in China

Cao

Ren

2016

Time & Society

Self Cite

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China's economic and political reforms since 1978 represent one of the biggest institutional changes in the last century. Because most research has focused on the economics of institutional change rather than the evolution of political institutions, a theoretical framework to explain China's rapid economic development is lacking. To understand the successes and failures of China's institutional change, we reviewed China's innovative political and economic practices during the past 30 years. We found that the country's political and economic institutions combine to form a dynamic equilibrium that can explain the impressive economic results. China's leaders dream of new institutions that will improve upon traditional Western capitalism, based on a combination of central planning with traditional capitalist approaches that increase the system's flexibility. If China's leaders can combine this approach with decreased social costs compared with previous socioeconomic systems, this will represent a new era and a model that other nations can follow.

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Criminal Cases Per Million Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An equilibrium path for institutional change in China

Cao

Ren

2016

Time & Society

Self Cite

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“…We adopted a comprehensive evaluation formula to obtain desertification sensitivity data in the study area (Hyvonen et al 2000). According to literature, the incidence rates of rocky desertification in limestone, namely, the interbeds between limestone and dolomite and carbonate rocks in clastic rock structures, are much higher (29.86%, 29.01% and 29.47%, respectively); the incidence rate of rocky desertification in dolomite is 19.37%, that of carbonate rock and clastic rock in interbed layers is 15.83% and that of carbonate rock in the clastic rock layer is only 12.92% (Jiang et al 2016).…”

Section: Desertification Sensitivity Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving forest succession in karst areas of Chongqing municipality over the past decade

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2020

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: Karst areas in southwestern China exhibit ecological degradation in the form of rocky desertification. Local governments launched large-scale afforestation and other ecological restoration programs to curb this trend. Soil thickness is a key limiting factor for vegetation restoration in Karst areas, but the relationship between ecological restoration and soil thickness remains unclear. Further, afforestation consumes large amounts of water, which impacts water supply in karst areas. In this study, we used GIS and statistical analyses to determine rocky desertification sensitivity and its driving factors in karst areas of Chongqing municipality over the past decade. Results: Soil thickness is one of the key factors that restrict ecological restoration of rocky desertification. From 2000 to 2010, rocky desertification sensitivity in karst areas was on the rise along with an increase in afforestation. Areas of high sensitivity were mainly distributed in Pengshui County, Wulong District, and Youyang County; Shizhu County had the lowest overall incidence of desertification. Spatial distribution of rocky desertification was significantly affected by rainfall and soil thickness. Regression analysis showed that the main factors controlling changes in rocky desertification in natural forest over time were precipitation which explained 23.73% of total variance, and soil thickness which explained 23.42% of total variance. Soil thickness and soil water content had a higher correlation coefficient (at 0.516) in natural forests than in planted forests. Conclusion: This study showed that increases in soil thickness in a karst area had a significant positive impact on the fragile ecological environment. This indicates that ecosystem restoration in karst areas will benefit from addressing soil thickness.

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Identifying key areas of ecosystem services potential to improve ecological management in Chongqing City, southwest China

Xiao

2018

Environ Monit Assess

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Because natural ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are both critical to the well-being of humankind, it is important to understand their relationships and congruence for conservation planning. Spatial conservation planning is required to set focused preservation priorities and to assess future ecological implications. This study uses the combined measures of ES models and ES potential to estimate and analyze all four groups of ecosystem services to generate opportunities to maximize ecosystem services. Subsequently, we identify the key areas of conservation priorities as future forestation and conservation hotspot zones to improve the ecological management in Chongqing City, located in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Results show that ecosystem services potential is extremely obvious. Compared to ecosystem services from 2000, we determined that soil conservation could be increased by 59.11%, carbon sequestration by 129.51%, water flow regulation by 83.42%, and water purification by 84.42%. According to our prioritization results, approximately 48% of area converted to forests exhibited high improvements in all ecosystem services (categorized as hotspot-1, hotspot-2, and hotspot-3). The hotspots identified in this study can be used as an excellent surrogate for evaluation ecological engineering benefits and can be effectively applied in improving ecological management planning.

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Managing Institutional Evolution to Increase the Likelihood of Success: Examples of Guidance from Chinese History

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

An equilibrium path for institutional change in China

An equilibrium path for institutional change in China

Driving forest succession in karst areas of Chongqing municipality over the past decade

Identifying key areas of ecosystem services potential to improve ecological management in Chongqing City, southwest China

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