Managing food and water security in Small Island States: New evidence from economic modelling of climate stressed groundwater resources

Gohar, Abdelaziz A.; Cashman, Adrian; Ward, Frank A.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.008

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Wastage among domestic consumers who are unmetered is a concern especially at a time when freshwater resources are threatened by drought, sea level rise and pollution. High levels of water wastage runs counter to SDG 6 on the sustainable management of water resources and as Gohar et al (2019) note, water security is a critical issue facing SIDS given climate change and increasing droughts they face now and in the future. Spatial inequalities also exist because for several decades WASA concentrated water improvements in the more urbanized parts of the country.…”

Section: Urban Water and Sewerage Treatment Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another required step to address service interruptions is the enforcement of planning regulations that mandate households to build cisterns as a supplementary water supply source as obtains in some water scarce Caribbean SIDS (Aladenola et al, 2016). Encouragement of informal and formal urban households to practice rainwater harvesting will also effectively reduce demands on water authorities and improve service reliability (Peters, 2017;Gohar et al, 2019). Additionally, implementation of metering and increasing block tariffs to reduce consumer wastage and improve reliability are recommended.…”

Section: Safe and Affordable Urban Water And Sewerage Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral change is necessary to minimize water wastage, and this is achievable by utilizing market instruments and public education. Improved understanding of the economic impacts of climate change on water use, water availability, livelihoods, and consumer welfare is essential to facilitate more efficient adaptation and mitigation measures aimed at improving water sustainability and allocation among competing water sector users (Gohar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Safe and Affordable Urban Water And Sewerage Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite policies aimed at solving persistent housing shortages, containing burgeoning informal settlements, meeting basic needs such as access to reliable potable water, improving transportation services and reducing joblessness in urban areas, Caribbean governments face the reality that policy implementation can be daunting when confronted with limited economic resources, human and technical resource capacity (Mycoo, 2018b). These issues are further complicated by climate change and disaster risks which pose even greater threats in achieving urban sustainability (Gencer et al, 2013;Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, 2018;Mycoo, 2018a,b;Gohar et al, 2019). With 10 years left to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), Caribbean SIDS will need to accelerate action in spite of a complex and highly politicized governance landscape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Development Goal 11 and a New Urban Agenda for Caribbean Small Island Developing States: Policy, Practice, and Action

Mycoo

Bharath²

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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Many Caribbean Small Island Developing States face the daunting task of fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. As signatories to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, their governments committed to embark on a roadmap to achieve sustainable development within this time frame. In this context, Caribbean Small Island Developing States have embraced Sustainable Development Goal 11 in pursuit of creating inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities as articulated in various governance, spatial, socio-economic, and environmental policies. Notwithstanding this commitment, a tension exists between policy and practice. Several barriers to policy implementation have stymied efforts to make progress in fulfilling Goal 11. Enabling the impact of sound policy through well-informed practice is pivotal, if these states are to make advancements in ensuring that their population has access to basic services and live in safe, resilient, and sustainable cities without leaving any citizen behind. This paper firstly seeks to critically review existing policies and practice that impact on the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 11. It highlights the drivers of unsustainable urbanization that are undermining progress in achieving this key sustainable development goal. In keeping with the United Nations declaration of a Decade for Action, this paper secondly makes recommendations for action that are fundamental to putting Caribbean Small Island Developing States on a trajectory leading to the fulfillment of Goal 11. It specifically recommends strategic actions within the context of a New Urban Agenda that are relevant to Caribbean Small Island Developing States that are encountering similar challenges. The experience of Trinidad is drawn upon to provide a narrative of gaps between policy and practice, and to distill key actions for attaining SDG 11 by 2030 and beyond.

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Section: Urban Water and Sewerage Treatment Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safe and Affordable Urban Water And Sewerage Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safe and Affordable Urban Water And Sewerage Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Development Goal 11 and a New Urban Agenda for Caribbean Small Island Developing States: Policy, Practice, and Action

Mycoo

Bharath²

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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“…This is a significant portion of the overall water demand and is reinforced when tourism demand peaks during the dry months of the year, placing additional demand on the supply system. The few studies that are available have indicated that the impact on water availability is highly dependent on the selection of the climate change scenario; under RCP 8.5 the impacts on available water to meet demand are particularly severe (Gohar, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Application Of Foresight Cross-scale Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global to small island; a cross-scale foresight scenario exercise

Drakes

Cashman

Kemp-Benedict

et al. 2020

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Purpose The use of socio-economic scenarios in small island developing states (SIDS) when assessing, and planning for, the impacts of global changes on national socioeconomic and environmental systems is still in its infancy. The research conducts a cross-scale foresight scenario exercise to produce regional scenarios and national storylines for Caribbean islands that are of “partial” consistency to the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and shows how future socioeconomic and climatic changes can be applied to inform natural resource management decisions. Design/methodology/approach To develop the scenarios, the study uses a three-staged linking process using mixed methods to “triangulate” each technique to compensate for weaknesses of one method by introducing a complementary method at each stage. A participatory-expert stepwise approach with feedback loops is used and complemented with a climate sensitive tourism water demand model. Findings Four regional exploratory socio-economic scenarios were constructed that are partially consistent with global scenarios. In addition, national storylines for four island states were developed based on the regional scenarios. Using RCP 4.5 hotel water demand in Barbados is estimated under three of the regional scenarios based on compatibility. The results indicate there is a 17% difference between the highest and lowest estimated water demand, indicating the effect of varying socio-economic conditions on water demand. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by presenting regional socio-economic scenarios, specifically for SIDS, that are partially consistent with both global climatic RCPs and SSPs using a cross-scale approach. The scenarios are then used to demonstrate how future socio-economic pathways impact on freshwater demand.

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