Managing Collective Knowledge in the Web 3.0

Semantic web and decision support systems

“…While Web 2.0 focuses on humans, mostly by providing efficient platforms for information sharing, the semantic web focuses on machines, by providing machineprocessable information (Abramowicz et al, 2010), especially through semantic 35 languages and tools for ontologies and metadata management (Padula, Reggiori, & Capetti, 2009).…”

“…This could become an excellent source for decision 45 reconstruction and evaluation of the implemented choice (Antunes & Costa, 2013). Unfortunately, the pervasiveness of ontologies in the Web is not yet a reality, as their creation involves a 'top-down process', which constantly requires disciplinary experts checking the evolution of the ontologies (Padula et al, 2009). …”

“…Although Web 2.0 tools provide fundamental technological support to tacit knowledge, Web 3.0 evolution will 35 concern technological tools supporting explicit knowledge (as they are defined in Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995), where semantic interoperability, interoperable intelligent agents, ontology mapping and their progressive development appear to be overlapping areas requiring strong innovation (Padula et al, 2009). The second step towards semantic web-based decision-making seems to be ontology 5 mapping, as the number of publicly available ontologies increases steadily and as the semantic web grows (even though some argue its rhythm is not fast enough).…”

Processing Collective Knowledge from Autonomous Individuals: A Literature Review

“…There exist many conceptions for processing collective knowledge such as: collective knowledge is meant justified true belief or acceptance held or arrived at by groups as plural subjects [49]; the sum of shared contributions among community members [47]; the common state of knowledge of a collective as a whole [44], and etc. In the process of consumption and creation of collective knowledge, individual plays an important role in contributing the wealth of collective knowledge [24] while communities in the knowledge-building process aim at producing new collective knowledge by developing and improving ideas constantly [17].…”

“…Moreover, there is a lot of knowledge on internet, but knowledge that called collective knowledge is the knowledge that accepted by all or almost people in a collective. Collective knowledge is considered as resulting from social activities in which a converging discussion has been reached [47]. Google, Wikipedia are also considered as interesting examples of knowledge created by collectives of Internet users [44].…”