Managers, values, and executive decisions: An exploration of the role of gender, career stage, organizational level, function, and the importance of ethics, relationships and results in managerial decision-making

Barnett, John; Karson, Marvin J.

doi:10.1007/bf00383775

Cited by 163 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Personal traits As with Larkin (2000), andForte (2004), our results suggest that no differences exist in ethical decision-making regarding age. This result contrasts with those obtained by Barnett and Karson (1989), Serwinek (1992), Karcher (1996), and Lund (2008), who concluded that older individuals responded more ethically than younger ones.…”

Section: Findings and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Browning and Zabriskie (1983) show the influence of age on the decision-making process and conclude that younger managers have a more ethical point of view than older managers. On the other hand, authors such as Barnett and Karson (1989) or Serwinek (1992) concluded that older workers, when asked to interpret ethical standards in various scenarios, are ethically more stringent than younger workers. In a study applied specifically to auditors, Karcher (1996) concluded that a positive relationship exists between ethical sensitivity and age.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethical perceptions of accounting students in a Portuguese university: the influence of individual factors and personal traits

Costa

Pinheiro

Ribeiro

2016

Accounting Education

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Our purpose is to empirically examine whether gender, age, work experience, and attendance of a course on ethics affect the ethical perceptions of Portuguese accounting students and analyze the influence of some individual factors that may affect their ethical decision-making. Additionally, we consider the degree of importance assigned to a list of personal traits and their relationship with those factors. We concluded that gender influenced the degree of importance attributed by students to initiative/entrepreneurship, obedience, and responsibility; age influenced the degree of importance attributed by students to integrity; work experience influenced the degree of importance attributed by students to obedience; and attendance of a course on ethics influenced the degree of importance attributed to independence. For each of these factors, the influence did not prove to be statistically significant in decision-making. Similarly, the study identified some reservations regarding attitudes the students' peers might have, and when asked about this, they had negative opinions, believing their colleagues would have lower ethical standards. Our results add to the literature, especially because, in Portugal, little has been done to understand which factors may affect students' ethical decision-making processes. We expect to bring added value to stakeholders, teachers, and scholars engaged with these matters. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Findings and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical perceptions of accounting students in a Portuguese university: the influence of individual factors and personal traits

Costa

Pinheiro

Ribeiro

2016

Accounting Education

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“…England (1978) and Johnson, Neelankavil, and Jadhav (1986) have shown that younger managers tend to place more emphasis on money and advancement opportunities, and less emphasis on trust and honor than do their older counterparts. Barnett and Karson (1989) discovered that younger (as measured by career stage) respondents acted less ethically than people who were in later career stages. Kohlberg (1984) and Rest (1986Rest ( , 1994 have found that the single most important factor in the development of moral judgment is length of formal education.…”

Section: Moderating Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Relationship Between Ethical Work Climate and Moral Awareness

2006

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This dissertation draws from the fields of history, sociology, psychology, moral philosophy, and organizational theory to establish a theoretical connection between a social/organizational influence (Ethical Work Climate) and an individual cognitive element of moral behavior (moral awareness). The research was designed to help fill a gap in the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the connection between organizational influences and individual ethical choices, which has heretofore largely been merely assumed. Additional aspects of moral behavior beyond moral judgment, as suggested by the Four Component Model (Rest, 1994) were investigated. Extensively relying on the work of Victor and Cullen (1987, 1988), Rest (1979), and Blum (1991, seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to determine the nature of the direct relationship between the organizational level Ethical Work Climate and individual level moral awareness, and that relationship as moderated by four demographic and individual variables. Seven of the climate types identified by Cullen, Victor, and Bronson (1993) were replicated in the present study. All three of the hypotheses pertaining to the direct relationship between Ethical Work Climate and moral awareness were supported, as were three of the four hypotheses related to the moderating variables. These results provide evidence that Ethical Work Climate is a primary predictor of individual moral awareness, and that social influence often overrides the effects of individual differences is a work group setting. Implications for future research are provided. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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“…However, other studies report no significant gender differences in ethical judgments on social or business issues (e.g., Barnett and Karson, 1989;Davis and Welton, 1991;Dubinsky and Levy, 1985;Harris, 1989;Sims, 1978, 1979;McNichols and Zimmerer, 1985;Radtke, 2000;Tsalikis and Ortiz-Buonafina, 1990). A potential explanation for the seemingly contradictory results of extant research is the supposition that gender differences may or may not arise, depending upon context-specific factors (Derry, 1987(Derry, , 1989Dobbins and Platz, 1986;Trevino, 1992;Weber, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Nationality and Gender on Ethical Sensitivity: An Application of the Issue-Contingent Model

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. When a member of an organization has to make a decision or act in a way that may benefit some stakeholders at the expense of others, ethical dilemmas may arise. This paper examines ethical sensitivity regarding the duties to clients and owners (principals), employees (agents), and responsibilities to society (third parties). Within this framework, ethical perceptions of male and female managers are compared between the U.S. and Turkey -two countries that differ on power distance as well as the individualism/collectivism dimensions. Our results show that ethical sensitivity varies depending upon whether the interests of principals, agents, or third parties are affected by a given ethical dilemma. We also find that, contingent upon the principal-agent-society relationships, the nationality and gender of the decision-maker influences ethical sensitivity.

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Managers, values, and executive decisions: An exploration of the role of gender, career stage, organizational level, function, and the importance of ethics, relationships and results in managerial decision-making

Cited by 163 publications

References 12 publications

Ethical perceptions of accounting students in a Portuguese university: the influence of individual factors and personal traits

Ethical perceptions of accounting students in a Portuguese university: the influence of individual factors and personal traits

An Examination of the Relationship Between Ethical Work Climate and Moral Awareness

The Influence of Nationality and Gender on Ethical Sensitivity: An Application of the Issue-Contingent Model

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