The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Nuffield Foundation (grant number EDO/ FR-000022637) and the Economic and Social Research Council via the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy (grant number ES/T014334/1). The Nuffield Foundation is an independent charitable trust with a mission to advance social well-being. It funds research that informs social policy, primarily in Education, Welfare and Justice. It also funds student programmes that provide opportunities for young people to develop skills in quantitative and scientific methods. The Nuffield Foundation is the founder and co-funder of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, the Ada Lovelace Institute and the Nuffield Family Justice Observatory. The Foundation has funded this project, but the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the Foundation. Visit www.nuffieldfoundation.org.
Teacher recruitment, training and retention: Evidence to Education Committee 2
Key Findings1. Teacher salaries have declined in real-terms since 2010. Most teachers will have seen real-terms salary cuts of 13% between 2010-11 and 2022-23. This is clearly much larger than the 5% real-terms cut in average earnings over the same period. This is likely to have contributed to the significant problems in teacher recruitment and retention. Salary rises of 4.3% have been proposed for 2023-24, which will just about match expected inflation and average earnings growth, but will still leave most teacher salaries about 13% lower than in 2010.2. Teacher starting salaries have seen more rapid increases in recent years. This reflects the government commitment to deliver £30,000 starting salaries by 2024. By 2022-23, teacher starting salaries were only 5% below their 2010 level in rea-terms and are expected to be 2% lower in 2023-24 3. Identifying the most effective teachers at hiring stage is difficult, as characteristics like qualifications, results or types of training are not strongly related to effectiveness in the classroom. Since predicting effectiveness during the hiring process is so challenging, more rigorous probation periods may be helpful in giving head teachers the chance to properly assess their staff and how they work on the job. 4. On the job, the most reliable evidence for improving teacher effectiveness supports programmes of peer-to-peer evaluation among teachers. Observing and rating two or three of a colleague's lessons substantially improved teacher effectiveness -both among the teachers receiving peer feedback and among those giving it. Teachers can also be trained in specific approaches to teaching and pedagogy.5. Teacher attrition rates are particularly high in the early years of a teaching career.Close to a third of teachers have left the profession within their first five years. Improved rates of pay, which the Government has committed to with its promise to raise starting salaries to at least £30,000, could certainly help. However, pay is not the only important issue for retention. Teachers in England highlight a ...