“…One possible reason for the aforementioned discrepancy is outlined in the literature, which suggests that the impact of managerial ability on diverse variables may be influenced by uncertainty (e.g., Rosen, 1981;Gabaix and Landier, 2008;Bamber et al, 2010;Hribar et 1 Following the literature (e.g., Demerjian et al, 2012;Choi et al, 2015;Baik et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2020a;Doukas and Zhang, 2020;Luu et al, 2020;Oskouei and Sureshjani, 2020;Yung and Nguyen, 2020), this paper defines managerial ability based on managerial efficiency, relative to their industry peers, in transforming corporate resources to revenues. Assessing managerial ability based on managerial efficiency is intuitively appealing as it is in line with the overarching goal of profit-maximizing firms (e.g., Demerjian et al, 2012;Doukas and Zhang, 2020).…”