“…Microsurgery has its basis in the observation that, in operations upon small organs or structures, the surgeon's capacity is more limited by this eyes than by his hands [2], Although urologists have been late in recognizing the benefits of microsurgery, today it has a definite clinical application in urological practice and further expansion can be expected in the next few years [3], The use of optical magnification (operating microscope, magnifying loupes), microsurgical instruments and fine polyglactine sutures allows accurate anastomosis in reconstructive surgery of the renal pelvis and the ureter to be accom plished confortably despite tiny structures and sutures [5,10]. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a con genital anomaly commonly afflicting the pediatric popu lation, however, it is also seen more frequently than gen erally appreciated in adults [7], The method of postoper ative urinary diversion (to divert by a nephrostomy tube and/or a ureteral stent or not to divert) was a matter of debate until recently [4], Through the application of microsurgery in pyeloplasty, an external urinary diver…”