Management of Turfgrass Diseases

Vargas, J. M.

doi:10.1201/9780203748374

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…S. homoeocarpa degrades creeping bentgrass greens by creating silver dollar‐sized (1–5 cm) depressions of dead turf and necrotic tissue that may persist throughout the winter and into the spring. To prevent disease symptoms, frequent fungicide applications are required throughout the growing season (Vargas, 2005). Numerous fungicides are labeled for control of dollar spot, but costs and environmental concerns warrant investigating alternative approaches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Ferrous Sulfate and Its Elemental Components on Dollar Spot Suppression

et al. 2016

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Dollar spot (caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) is a common disease of Agrostis stolonifera L. and is especially devastating on putting greens. Sequential fungicide applications are often required throughout the growing season for adequate control. This research was conducted to determine if ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and its elemental components are capable of reducing dollar spot development. Trials were established in situ and in vitro to address this objective. Putting green trials were conducted in Blacksburg, VA, during the summers of 2012 and 2015. Biweekly (May to September) foliar treatments were applied in four randomized complete blocks as: control, FeSO4 (48.8 kg ha−1), sulfur (10.3 kg ha−1), and iron chelate (11.2 kg Fe ha−1). Dollar spot infection centers and visual turf quality were recorded throughout the summer. When disease exceeded a threshold of 75 infection centers per plot, chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6‐tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 12.5 kg ha−1 a.i.) and nitrogen fertility (12.2 kg ha−1) were applied to encourage recovery. After recovery, inputs were minimized to encourage dollar spot development. Ferrous sulfate reduced dollar spot pressure each year. Turf quality was improved with FeSO4 in 2012, but not in 2015. Iron chelate suppressed dollar spot in 2012, but not in 2015. Sulfur had no impact on dollar spot or turf quality in either year. Direct fungitoxic activity of FeSO4 against the dollar spot pathogen was evaluated in vitro across a range of pH. Pure cultures of S. homoeocarpa obtained from the field test site were plated on 0.25× potato dextrose agar amended with 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg−1 FeSO4. Mycelial growth was enhanced at 10 mg kg−1, was not affected at 100 mg kg−1, and was completely inhibited at 1000 mg kg−1. These data suggest FeSO4 suppresses dollar spot by acting as a fungistat against the pathogen.

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Influence of Ferrous Sulfate and Its Elemental Components on Dollar Spot Suppression

et al. 2016

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“…However, consistent dependence on chemicals for turfgrass disease control potentially leads to decreased effectiveness and fungicide resistance (Latin, 2011). For such reasons, alternative control measures including cultivar selection and cultural management practices are recommended for a sustainable disease management program (Vargas, 1993; Couch, 1995; Latin, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management programs for turfgrass diseases include the use of resistant turfgrass cultivars, cultural management practices, and chemical pesticide applications (Vargas, 1993; Couch, 1995; Latin, 2011). Host resistant cultivar selection has been demonstrated in many host‐pathogen interactions; however, the usefulness of this approach is dependent on the availability of host resistance to a particular disease (Couch, 1995; Brecht et al, 2007; Bonos and Weibel, 2008; Tomaso‐Peterson and Young, 2010; Watschke et al, 2013).…”

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Cultivar Selection, Cultural Management Practice, and Fungicide Application Influence Leaf Spot and Dollar Spot on Ultradwarf Bermudagrass

Vines

Allen

DuBien

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas Ultradwarf bermudagrass cultivars show different susceptibility to foliar diseases. Cultural management practices have different effects on foliar diseases. Seasonal fungicide applications adequately controlled leaf spot and dollar spot. In the southern United States, putting greens are commonly grassed with an ultradwarf bermudagrass (UDB) [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] cultivar. However, these turfgrasses generate profuse amounts of thatch, which leads to increased pressure of diseases such as leaf spot, caused by Bipolaris cynodontis (Marignoni) Shoemaker, and dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett. This 2‐yr field study evaluated the effects of (i) cultivar selection (‘Champion’ and ‘MiniVerde’ UDB cultivars), (ii) cultural management practice (standard weekly applications of vertical mow [VM]; weekly applications of VM with once monthly substitutions of slice, spike, and scarify practices; and once monthly applications of slice, spike, and scarify practices alone), and (iii) fungicide application (application of fungicide and no application of fungicide) on leaf spot and dollar spot of UDB putting green turf. Leaf spot severity (LSS) was assessed by a visual estimation of percent symptomatic turf area (0–100%). Dollar spot incidence (DSI) was assessed as the number of dollar spot foci present. At most rating periods during active infection, MiniVerde had reduced LSS and DSI compared with Champion. Standard VM practices resulted in the greatest LSS and DSI. Once monthly substitutions of spike and scarify practices in weekly VM regimes reduced LSS and DSI compared with standard VM practices. The least LSS and DSI were observed with once monthly applications of alternative slice, spike, and scarify practices. Applications of fungicides reduced LSS and DSI compared with no application of fungicides.

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“…The USEPA recommends that laboratory fate assessments of pesticides be conducted at 20 ± 2°C; however, turfgrass pesticides in soil are often applied under much colder conditions (Hart, 2000; USEPA, 2008). The herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and the fungicides propiconazole (1‐{[2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl]methyl}‐1,2,4‐triazole) and iprodione [3‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)‐ N ‐isopropyl‐2,4‐dioxoimidazolidine‐1‐carboxamide] are commonly applied during the late fall in temperate climates to prevent perennial weeds and fungal snow mold diseases, respectively (Vargas, 1993; Hsiang et al, 1999). Temperature directly influences both biotic and abiotic mechanisms of pesticide degradation, slowing or increasing the rates of reactions and altering the degradation networks that are active in the environment (Getzin, 1981).…”

Section: The Usepa Estimates Of the Top 10 Conventionally Used Home Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Impacts on Soil Microbial Communities and Potential Implications for the Biodegradation of Turfgrass Pesticides

2017

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Maintaining healthy turfgrass often results in the use of pesticides to manage weed, insect, and disease pests. To identify and understand potential nontarget impacts of pesticide usage while still maintaining attractive and functional turfgrass sites, it is important to improve our understanding of how pesticides degrade in various environments throughout the growing season. Temperature heavily influences microbial community composition and activity, and the microbial community often heavily influences pesticide degradation in soil ecosystems. Pesticide transformation products generated through the action of soil microbial degradation networks can vary in their toxicity, with the potential result that a pesticide applied in the spring at 10°C could produce different transformation products with different toxicological impacts than the sample pesticide applied to the same site at 22°C. The objective of this review is to examine past research surrounding soil microbial activity related to pesticide degradation and provide a foundation for how the soil microbiome interacts with pesticides and how seasonal temperature variations may influence those interactions.

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Management of Turfgrass Diseases

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Ferrous Sulfate and Its Elemental Components on Dollar Spot Suppression

Influence of Ferrous Sulfate and Its Elemental Components on Dollar Spot Suppression

Cultivar Selection, Cultural Management Practice, and Fungicide Application Influence Leaf Spot and Dollar Spot on Ultradwarf Bermudagrass

Temperature Impacts on Soil Microbial Communities and Potential Implications for the Biodegradation of Turfgrass Pesticides

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