Management of thyroid nodules. II: Scanning techniques, thyroid suppressive therapy, and fine needle aspiration

Ashcraft, Michael W.; Herle, André J. Van

doi:10.1002/hed.2890030406

Cited by 318 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Nevertheless our data 26 and those of others [27][28][29] , indicate that such a risk is very low (»1.5 %), although rates as high as 2.5-5.4% have been reported [30][31] . It should be noted that the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the general population following operation or post mortem is reported to range from 0.11% 32 to 2.8% 33 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Tzavara

Tzanela²,

Vlassopoulou³

et al. 2002

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Radioactive iodine is a widely used treatment for hyperthyroidism caused by solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (toxic adenoma). The aim of this retrospective analysis is to report the long term effects of this therapy on the thyroid function of patients with toxic adenoma treated in our department. Between 1968 and 1996, 160 patients received a single dose of 131 I (range 25-40 mCi) for hyperthyroidism caused by toxic adenoma. In 126 of these (110 females, 26 males), followup was feasible either in our Endocrine Outpatient Clinic or through correspondence. The mean observation period was 5.3 years (range 1-21 years, median 4.0). Post treatment evaluation revealed that: a) 57 patients became euthyroid and remained free of disease up to the last visit (mean observation period 5.76±0.52 years, range 1-21 years, median 5 years), b) 69 patients developed hypothyroidism, all within 1 to 12 months (5.9±0.49 months), c) persistence or recurrence of the disease (ie. thyrotoxicosis) was not observed, d) the 131 I dose, or the 131 I pretreatment TSH levels were not different between patients who developed hypothyroidism and those who became and remained euthyroid. CONCLUSION: 131 I administration in the above-mentioned dose to patients with toxic adenoma: a) was a safe and very effective therapy, and b) led to hypothyroidism which developed within the first year after 131 I administration in 55% of the patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Tzavara

Tzanela²,

Vlassopoulou³

et al. 2002

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“…Special attention was paid to the functional status of thyroid nodules, as most malignancies are found in cold rather than in hot or functioning nodules (29), and only solitary nodules were chosen for follow-up, as the risk of malignancy in a multinodular gland is small in an area with endemic multinodularity. Incidental findings of thyroid nodules is an increasing problem with growing use of ultrasonography for examination of not only the thyroid, but also the vessels in the neck, and in general health examinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency

Knudsen

Perrild²,

Christiansen

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Multinodular goitre has been found with a high prevalence in iodine-deficient areas, but less frequently in iodine-replete areas; the iodine intake sufficient to prevent goitre has not been established, however. Methods: We report data from an ultrasonic investigation of the thyroid glands of 2656 randomly selected subjects aged 41 to 71 years in an area with borderline iodine deficiency. Results: Median iodine concentration in spot urine samples was 70 mg/l. Multinodular thyroid structure was found in 23% of the population, increasing in women from 20 to 46% with increasing age, and in men from 7 to 23%. Solitary, scintigraphically cold, thyroid nodules >10 mm were found in 2.4% of the population with the same prevalence in the different age and sex groups. Two years of follow-up of these cold nodules revealed no signs of malignancies. Median thyroid volume was 11.0 ml. Thyroid enlargement (>18 ml for women and >25 ml for men) was found among 13.1% of the women and 6.2% of the men, and the prevalence increased with age. The presence of thyroid nodules was related to positive anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPO Ab) titres, whereas thyroid enlargement was associated with iodine excretion <50 mg/day. Conclusions: Thyroid enlargement was associated with low iodine excretion and median thyroid volume was slightly increased compared with iodine-replete areas. Multinodular thyroid structure was found with a high prevalence and was associated with TPO Ab >200 kU/l. Cold thyroid nodules were moderately prevalent, with no cases of detected malignancies during 2 years of follow-up.

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“…Failure to check the catecholamine level in routine evaluation was also misleading. Additionally, it was reported that 16% of thyroid cancers had cold nodules, 9% warm nodules and 4% hot nodules (8). No symptoms related to sympathetic discharge are encountered in cases without activity, while adrenergic responses similar to carotid body tumors are encountered in the presence of hormonal activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary thyroid cancer located in the carotid bifurcation mimicking carotid body tumor

Korkmaz

Göksel

Özlü

et al. 2015

UCD

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Papillary thyroid cancer located in the carotid bifurcation mimicking carotid body tumorThe symptoms and examination findings of masses that are located in the neck region can mimic each other. Although conventional radiological methods are useful for diagnosis, the distinction between carotid body tumors and papillary thyroid cancer may be challenging. In order to eliminate this situation that may lead to technical problems during surgery, the differential diagnosis must be made carefully. The definitive diagnostic method is pathological evaluation of the excised lesion. Herein, a patient with papillary thyroid cancer mimicking carotid body tumor is presented along with the literature.

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Management of thyroid nodules. II: Scanning techniques, thyroid suppressive therapy, and fine needle aspiration

Cited by 318 publications

References 143 publications

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Long term thyroid function after 131I treatment for toxic adenoma

Thyroid structure and size and two-year follow-up of solitary cold thyroid nodules in an unselected population with borderline iodine deficiency

Papillary thyroid cancer located in the carotid bifurcation mimicking carotid body tumor

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