Management of the noxious weed; Medicago polymorpha L. via allelopathy of some medicinal plants from Taif region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Germination bioassay was carried out to test the biological activity of Achillea santolina L. (ASAE), Artemisia monosperma Del. (AMAE), Pituranthus tortuosus L. (PTAE) and Thymus capitatus L. (TCAE) aqueous extracts (collected from Taif region, KSA) on germination percentage (GP), plumule (PL) and radicle (RL) lengths (mm) besides seedling dry weight (SDW) (mg/seedlings) of Medicago polymorpha L. The inhibitory effect of P. tortuosus was insignificant compared to the other three donor species which attained the strongest allelopathic potential in the following order: A. santolina > A. monosperma > T. capitatus. Growth experiment using crude powder of the four donor species was conducted to examine their effects on leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic pigments, total available carbohydrates (TAC) and total protein (TP). It is worth mentioning that each of the four donor species crude powders mixed with clay loam soil appeared to have a great inhibitory allelopathic effect on LAI, total photosynthetic pigment and chlorophyll a (Chl a) while carotenoids exhibited a slight increase with the application of the four donor species crude powders. TAC and TP were significantly decreased with increasing the crude powder concentrations while a slight decrease was recorded for carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. There is possibility of using these allelochemicals directly or as structural leads for the discovery and development of environmentally friendly herbicides to control weeds. The study recommended that these species must be phytochemically examined in future for their allelochemicals in order to provide information on the possibilities of using one or more of these species as bioherbicides.

Zakkum (Nerium oleander) Çiçek Ekstraktının Lolium multiflorum’un Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Allelopatik Etkileri

“…Decreased in growth and development of plant morphological attributes affect fresh and dry biomass. Similar results were recorded by Algandaby and El-Darier (2016), who concluded that decrease in fresh biomass was found in Medicago polymorpha L. seedling when treated with plant extracts of Achillea santolina, Artemisia monosperma, Pituranthus tortuosus and Thymus capitatus which have allelopathic effects on it. A significant decrease in seedling weight was recorded in the cucumber seedling which was treated with high concentrations of plant extract having allelopathic effect (Terzi et al, 2003).…”

“…Decrease in morphogenetic potential due to restricted growth may lead to reduce dry biomass accumulation. Similar results were recorded by Algandaby and El-Darier (2016). They suggested that dry biomass of Medicago polymorpha L. seedling was significantly decreased…”

“…Ashrafi et al, (2008) also reported decrease in the plumule length in wild barley due to application of sunflower extract. Reduction in plumule length of Medicago polymorpha L. was found when treated with plant extracts of Achillea santolina, Artemisia monosperma, Pituranthus tortuosus and Thymus capitatus which is due to the allelopathic effects of these plant extracts on it (Algandaby and El-Darier (2016). In light of these studies, it is suggested that presence of N. oleander in an area can result in the reduction of growth of ryegrass and plant species.…”

Comparative view for the impact of five eco factors on species distribution and weed community structure in Isthmus of Suez and adjoining farmland east Nile delta, Egypt

“…produce several generations. These and other weeds cause great destruction to crops as they increase the coasts of different cultural practices, decrease the effectiveness of agricultural equipment and excellence of fertile lands, decrease the gemination capability of crops seed due to the phytotoxins or allelochemicals (Algandaby and Salama, 2018). The extent of persistence and resistance of these weeds against weed control plans (weeding, hoeing, ploughing, herbicides, Stale seed bed, farming practices, ….etc.)…”

Diversity and Vegetation Analysis of Plant species Associated with Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus indica L. Mill.) in Nile Delta, Egypt

“…Out of 8000 only 250 weed species are important for agriculture world (Holm et al, 1979). Weeds cause great destruction to crops as they increase the costs of different cultural practices, decrease the effectiveness of agricultural equipment and excellence of fertile lands, decrease the germination capability of crops seed due to the phytotoxins or allelochemicals (Algandaby and Salama, 2016).…”